diff --git a/graphics/element.lua b/graphics/element.lua
index 662570d..dea041d 100644
--- a/graphics/element.lua
+++ b/graphics/element.lua
@@ -69,23 +69,31 @@ function element.new(args)
     if args.offset_x ~= nil then self.child_offset.x = args.offset_x end
     if args.offset_y ~= nil then self.child_offset.y = args.offset_y end
 
-    -- check frame
-    assert(protected.frame.x >= 1, "graphics.element: frame x not >= 1")
-    assert(protected.frame.y >= 1, "graphics.element: frame y not >= 1")
-    assert(protected.frame.w >= 1, "graphics.element: frame width not >= 1")
-    assert(protected.frame.h >= 1, "graphics.element: frame height not >= 1")
-
-    -- create window
+    -- adjust window frame if applicable
     local f = protected.frame
     local x = f.x
     local y = f.y
 
+    -- apply offsets
     if args.parent ~= nil then
+        -- offset x/y
         local offset_x, offset_y = args.parent.get_offset()
         x = x + offset_x
         y = y + offset_y
+
+        -- constrain to parent inner width/height
+        local w, h = self.p_window.getSize()
+        f.w = math.min(f.w, w - (2 * offset_x) - f.x)
+        f.y = math.min(f.h, h - (2 * offset_y) - f.y)
     end
 
+    -- check frame
+    assert(f.x >= 1, "graphics.element: frame x not >= 1")
+    assert(f.y >= 1, "graphics.element: frame y not >= 1")
+    assert(f.w >= 1, "graphics.element: frame width not >= 1")
+    assert(f.h >= 1, "graphics.element: frame height not >= 1")
+
+    -- create window
     protected.window = window.create(self.p_window, x, y, f.w, f.h, true)
 
     -- init colors
diff --git a/graphics/elements/indicators/hbar.lua b/graphics/elements/indicators/hbar.lua
index 91f2b4b..a769423 100644
--- a/graphics/elements/indicators/hbar.lua
+++ b/graphics/elements/indicators/hbar.lua
@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ local function hbar(args)
         end
     end
 
+    -- initialize to 0
+    e.on_update(0)
+
     return e.get()
 end
 
diff --git a/graphics/elements/rectangle.lua b/graphics/elements/rectangle.lua
index 9e8c3ec..933bcd3 100644
--- a/graphics/elements/rectangle.lua
+++ b/graphics/elements/rectangle.lua
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ local element = require("graphics.element")
 local function rectangle(args)
     -- offset children
     if args.border ~= nil then
-        args.offsetx = args.border.width
-        args.offsety = args.border.width
+        args.offset_x = args.border.width
+        args.offset_y = args.border.width
 
         -- slightly different y offset if the border is set to even
         if args.border.even then
             local width_x2 = (2 * args.border.width)
-            args.offsety = (width_x2 // 3) + util.trinary(width_x2 % 3 > 0, 1, 0)
+            args.offset_y = math.floor(width_x2 / 3) + util.trinary(width_x2 % 3 > 0, 1, 0)
         end
     end
 
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ local function rectangle(args)
     if args.border ~= nil then
         e.window.setCursorPos(1, 1)
 
-        local border_width = args.offsetx
-        local border_height = args.offsety
+        local border_width = args.offset_x
+        local border_height = args.offset_y
         local border_blit = colors.toBlit(args.border.color)
         local width_x2 = border_width * 2
         local inner_width = e.frame.w - width_x2