InvokeAI/docs/features/CLI.md

---
title: CLI
hide:
  - toc
---

# :material-bash: CLI

## **Interactive Command Line Interface**

The `dream.py` script, located in `scripts/dream.py`, provides an interactive
interface to image generation similar to the "dream mothership" bot that Stable
AI provided on its Discord server.

Unlike the `txt2img.py` and `img2img.py` scripts provided in the original
[CompVis/stable-diffusion](https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion) source
code repository, the time-consuming initialization of the AI model
initialization only happens once. After that image generation from the
command-line interface is very fast.

The script uses the readline library to allow for in-line editing, command
history (++up++ and ++down++), autocompletion, and more. To help keep track of
which prompts generated which images, the script writes a log file of image
names and prompts to the selected output directory.

In addition, as of version 1.02, it also writes the prompt into the PNG file's
metadata where it can be retrieved using `scripts/images2prompt.py`

The script is confirmed to work on Linux, Windows and Mac systems.

!!! note

    This script runs from the command-line or can be used as a Web application. The Web GUI is
    currently rudimentary, but a much better replacement is on its way.

```bash
(ldm) ~/stable-diffusion$ python3 ./scripts/dream.py
* Initializing, be patient...
Loading model from models/ldm/text2img-large/model.ckpt
(...more initialization messages...)

* Initialization done! Awaiting your command...
dream> ashley judd riding a camel -n2 -s150
Outputs:
   outputs/img-samples/00009.png: "ashley judd riding a camel" -n2 -s150 -S 416354203
   outputs/img-samples/00010.png: "ashley judd riding a camel" -n2 -s150 -S 1362479620

dream> "there's a fly in my soup" -n6 -g
    outputs/img-samples/00011.png: "there's a fly in my soup" -n6 -g -S 2685670268
    seeds for individual rows: [2685670268, 1216708065, 2335773498, 822223658, 714542046, 3395302430]
dream> q

# this shows how to retrieve the prompt stored in the saved image's metadata
(ldm) ~/stable-diffusion$ python ./scripts/images2prompt.py outputs/img_samples/*.png
00009.png: "ashley judd riding a camel" -s150 -S 416354203
00010.png: "ashley judd riding a camel" -s150 -S 1362479620
00011.png: "there's a fly in my soup" -n6 -g -S 2685670268
```

![dream-py-demo](../assets/dream-py-demo.png)

The `dream>` prompt's arguments are pretty much identical to those used in the
Discord bot, except you don't need to type "!dream" (it doesn't hurt if you do).
A significant change is that creation of individual images is now the default
unless `--grid` (`-g`) is given. A full list is given in
[List of prompt arguments](#list-of-prompt-arguments).

## Arguments

The script itself also recognizes a series of command-line switches that will
change important global defaults, such as the directory for image outputs and
the location of the model weight files.

### List of arguments recognized at the command line

These command-line arguments can be passed to `dream.py` when you first run it
from the Windows, Mac or Linux command line. Some set defaults that can be
overridden on a per-prompt basis (see [List of prompt arguments]
(#list-of-prompt-arguments). Others

| Argument <img width="240" align="right"/> | Shortcut <img width="100" align="right"/> | Default <img width="320" align="right"/>       | Description                                                                                          |
| ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `--help`                                  | `-h`                                      |                                                | Print a concise help message.                                                                        |
| `--outdir <path>`                         | `-o<path>`                                | `outputs/img_samples`                          | Location for generated images.                                                                       |
| `--prompt_as_dir`                         | `-p`                                      | `False`                                        | Name output directories using the prompt text.                                                       |
| `--from_file <path>`                      |                                           | `None`                                         | Read list of prompts from a file. Use `-` to read from standard input                                |
| `--model <modelname>`                     |                                           | `stable-diffusion-1.4`                         | Loads model specified in configs/models.yaml. Currently one of "stable-diffusion-1.4" or "laion400m" |
| `--full_precision`                        | `-F`                                      | `False`                                        | Run in slower full-precision mode. Needed for Macintosh M1/M2 hardware and some older video cards.   |
| `--web`                                   |                                           | `False`                                        | Start in web server mode                                                                             |
| `--host <ip addr>`                        |                                           | `localhost`                                    | Which network interface web server should listen on. Set to 0.0.0.0 to listen on any.                |
| `--port <port>`                           |                                           | `9090`                                         | Which port web server should listen for requests on.                                                 |
| `--config <path>`                         |                                           | `configs/models.yaml`                          | Configuration file for models and their weights.                                                     |
| `--iterations <int>`                      | `-n<int>`                                 | `1`                                            | How many images to generate per prompt.                                                              |
| `--grid`                                  | `-g`                                      | `False`                                        | Save all image series as a grid rather than individually.                                            |
| `--sampler <sampler>`                     | `-A<sampler>`                             | `k_lms`                                        | Sampler to use. Use `-h` to get list of available samplers.                                          |
| `--seamless`                              |                                           | `False`                                        | Create interesting effects by tiling elements of the image.                                          |
| `--embedding_path <path>`                 |                                           | `None`                                         | Path to pre-trained embedding manager checkpoints, for custom models                                 |
| `--gfpgan_dir`                            |                                           | `src/gfpgan`                                   | Path to where GFPGAN is installed.                                                                   |
| `--gfpgan_model_path`                     |                                           | `experiments/pretrained_models/GFPGANv1.4.pth` | Path to GFPGAN model file, relative to `--gfpgan_dir`.                                               |
| `--device <device>`                       | `-d<device>`                              | `torch.cuda.current_device()`                  | Device to run SD on, e.g. "cuda:0"                                                                   |
| `--free_gpu_mem`                          |                                           | `False`                                        | Free GPU memory after sampling, to allow image decoding and saving in low VRAM conditions            |
| `--precision`                             |                                           | `auto`                                         | Set model precision, default is selected by device. Options: auto, float32, float16, autocast        |

#### deprecated

These arguments are deprecated but still work:


| Argument           |  Shortcut  |  Default            |  Description |
|--------------------|------------|---------------------|--------------|
| --weights <path>   |            | None                | Pth to weights file; use `--model stable-diffusion-1.4` instead |
| --laion400m        | -l         | False               | Use older LAION400m weights; use `--model=laion400m` instead |

**A note on path names:** On Windows systems, you may run into
  problems when passing the dream script standard backslashed path
  names because the Python interpreter treats "\" as an escape.
  You can either double your slashes (ick): C:\\\\path\\\\to\\\\my\\\\file, or
  use Linux/Mac style forward slashes (better): C:/path/to/my/file.

## List of prompt arguments

After the dream.py script initializes, it will present you with a
**dream>** prompt. Here you can enter information to generate images
from text (txt2img), to embellish an existing image or sketch
(img2img), or to selectively alter chosen regions of the image
(inpainting).

### This is an example of txt2img:

~~~~
dream> waterfall and rainbow -W640 -H480
~~~~

This will create the requested image with the dimensions 640 (width)
and 480 (height).

Here are the dream> command that apply to txt2img:

| Argument           |  Shortcut  |  Default            |  Description |
|--------------------|------------|---------------------|--------------|
| "my prompt"        |            |                    | Text prompt to use. The quotation marks are optional. |
| --width <int>      | -W<int>   | 512                 | Width of generated image |
| --height <int>     | -H<int>   | 512                 | Height of generated image |
| --iterations <int> | -n<int>   | 1                   | How many images to generate from this prompt |
| --steps <int>      | -s<int>   | 50                  | How many steps of refinement to apply |
| --cfg_scale <float>| -C<float> | 7.5                 | How hard to try to match the prompt to the generated image; any number greater than 1.0 works, but the useful range is roughly 5.0 to 20.0 |
| --seed <int>       | -S<int>   | None                | Set the random seed for the next series of images. This can be used to recreate an image generated previously.|
| --sampler <sampler>| -A<sampler>| k_lms              | Sampler to use. Use -h to get list of available samplers. |
| --hires_fix        |           |                     | Larger images often have duplication artefacts. This option suppresses duplicates by generating the image at low res, and then using img2img to increase the resolution |
| --grid             | -g        | False               | Turn on grid mode to return a single image combining all the images generated by this prompt |
| --individual       | -i        | True                | Turn off grid mode (deprecated; leave off --grid instead) |
| --outdir <path>    |  -o<path> | outputs/img_samples  | Temporarily change the location of these images |
| --seamless         |           | False               | Activate seamless tiling for interesting effects |
| --log_tokenization | -t        | False               | Display a color-coded list of the parsed tokens derived from the prompt |
| --skip_normalization| -x       | False               | Weighted subprompts will not be normalized. See [Weighted Prompts](./OTHER.md#weighted-prompts) |
| --upscale <int> <float> | -U <int> <float> | -U 1 0.75| Upscale image by magnification factor (2, 4), and set strength of upscaling (0.0-1.0). If strength not set, will default to 0.75. |
| --gfpgan_strength <float>  | -G <float> | -G0        | Fix faces using the GFPGAN algorithm; argument indicates how hard the algorithm should try (0.0-1.0) |
| --save_original    | -save_orig| False               | When upscaling or fixing faces, this will cause the original image to be saved rather than replaced. |
| --variation <float>  |-v<float>| 0.0                 | Add a bit of noise (0.0=none, 1.0=high) to the image in order to generate a series of variations. Usually used in combination with -S<seed> and -n<int> to generate a series a riffs on a starting image. See [Variations](./VARIATIONS.md). |
| --with_variations <pattern> | -V<pattern>| None      | Combine two or more variations. See [Variations](./VARIATIONS.md) for now to use this. |

Note that the width and height of the image must be multiples of
64. You can provide different values, but they will be rounded down to
the nearest multiple of 64.


### This is an example of img2img:	

~~~~
dream> waterfall and rainbow -I./vacation-photo.png -W640 -H480 --fit
~~~~

This will modify the indicated vacation photograph by making it more
like the prompt. Results will vary greatly depending on what is in the
image. We also ask to --fit the image into a box no bigger than
640x480. Otherwise the image size will be identical to the provided
photo and you may run out of memory if it is large.

In addition to the command-line options recognized by txt2img, img2img
accepts additional options:

| Argument           |  Shortcut  |  Default            |  Description |
|--------------------|------------|---------------------|--------------|
| --init_img <path>  | -I<path>   | None                | Path to the initialization image |
| --fit              | -F         | False               | Scale the image to fit into the specified -H and -W dimensions |
| --strength <float> | -s<float>  | 0.75                | How hard to try to match the prompt to the initial image. Ranges from 0.0-0.99, with higher values replacing the initial image completely.|

### This is an example of inpainting:

~~~~
dream> waterfall and rainbow -I./vacation-photo.png -M./vacation-mask.png -W640 -H480 --fit
~~~~

This will do the same thing as img2img, but image alterations will
only occur within transparent areas defined by the mask file specified
by -M. You may also supply just a single initial image with the areas
to overpaint made transparent, but you must be careful not to destroy
the pixels underneath when you create the transparent areas. See
[Inpainting](./INPAINTING.md) for details.

inpainting accepts all the arguments used for txt2img and img2img, as
well as the --mask (-M) argument:

| Argument           |  Shortcut  |  Default            |  Description |
|--------------------|------------|---------------------|--------------|
| --init_mask <path> | -M<path>   | None                |Path to an image the same size as the initial_image, with areas for inpainting made transparent.|


# Convenience commands

In addition to the standard image generation arguments, there are a
series of convenience commands that begin with !:

## !fix

This command runs a post-processor on a previously-generated image. It
takes a PNG filename or path and applies your choice of the -U, -G, or
--embiggen switches in order to fix faces or upscale. If you provide a
filename, the script will look for it in the current output
directory. Otherwise you can provide a full or partial path to the
desired file.

Some examples:

Upscale to 4X its original size and fix faces using codeformer:
~~~
dream> !fix 0000045.4829112.png -G1 -U4 -ft codeformer
~~~

Use the GFPGAN algorithm to fix faces, then upscale to 3X using --embiggen:

~~~
dream> !fix 0000045.4829112.png -G0.8 -ft gfpgan
>> fixing outputs/img-samples/0000045.4829112.png
>> retrieved seed 4829112 and prompt "boy enjoying a banana split"
>> GFPGAN - Restoring Faces for image seed:4829112
Outputs:
[1] outputs/img-samples/000017.4829112.gfpgan-00.png: !fix "outputs/img-samples/0000045.4829112.png" -s 50 -S  -W 512 -H 512 -C 7.5 -A k_lms -G 0.8

dream> !fix 000017.4829112.gfpgan-00.png --embiggen 3
...lots of text...
Outputs:
[2] outputs/img-samples/000018.2273800735.embiggen-00.png: !fix "outputs/img-samples/000017.243781548.gfpgan-00.png" -s 50 -S 2273800735 -W 512 -H 512 -C 7.5 -A k_lms --embiggen 3.0 0.75 0.25
~~~

## !fetch

This command retrieves the generation parameters from a previously
generated image and either loads them into the command line.  You may
provide either the name of a file in the current output directory, or
a full file path.

~~~
dream> !fetch 0000015.8929913.png
# the script returns the next line, ready for editing and running:
dream> a fantastic alien landscape -W 576 -H 512 -s 60 -A plms -C 7.5
~~~

Note that this command may behave unexpectedly if given a PNG file that
was not generated by InvokeAI.

## !history

The dream script keeps track of all the commands you issue during a
session, allowing you to re-run them. On Mac and Linux systems, it
also writes the command-line history out to disk, giving you access to
the most recent 1000 commands issued.

The `!history` command will return a numbered list of all the commands
issued during the session (Windows), or the most recent 1000 commands
(Mac|Linux). You can then repeat a command by using the command !NNN,
where "NNN" is the history line number. For example:

~~~
dream> !history
...
[14] happy woman sitting under tree wearing broad hat and flowing garment
[15] beautiful woman sitting under tree wearing broad hat and flowing garment
[18] beautiful woman sitting under tree wearing broad hat and flowing garment -v0.2 -n6
[20] watercolor of beautiful woman sitting under tree wearing broad hat and flowing garment -v0.2 -n6 -S2878767194
[21] surrealist painting of beautiful woman sitting under tree wearing broad hat and flowing garment -v0.2 -n6 -S2878767194
...
dream> !20
dream> watercolor of beautiful woman sitting under tree wearing broad hat and flowing garment -v0.2 -n6 -S2878767194
~~~

## !search <search string>

This is similar to !history but it only returns lines that contain
`search string`. For example:

~~~
dream> !search surreal
[21] surrealist painting of beautiful woman sitting under tree wearing broad hat and flowing garment -v0.2 -n6 -S2878767194
~~~

## !clear

This clears the search history from memory and disk. Be advised that
this operation is irreversible and does not issue any warnings!

# Command-line editing and completion

The command-line offers convenient history tracking, editing, and
command completion.

- To scroll through previous commands and potentially edit/reuse them, use the up and down cursor keys.
- To edit the current command, use the left and right cursor keys to position the cursor, and then backspace, delete or insert characters.
- To move to the very beginning of the command, type CTRL-A (or command-A on the Mac)
- To move to the end of the command, type CTRL-E.
- To cut a section of the command, position the cursor where you want to start cutting and type CTRL-K.
- To paste a cut section back in, position the cursor where you want to paste, and type CTRL-Y

Windows users can get similar, but more limited, functionality if they
launch dream.py with the "winpty" program and have the `pyreadline3`
library installed:

~~~
> winpty python scripts\dream.py
~~~

On the Mac and Linux platforms, when you exit dream.py, the last 1000
lines of your command-line history will be saved. When you restart
dream.py, you can access the saved history using the up-arrow key.

In addition, limited command-line completion is installed. In various
contexts, you can start typing your command and press tab. A list of
potential completions will be presented to you. You can then type a
little more, hit tab again, and eventually autocomplete what you want.

When specifying file paths using the one-letter shortcuts, the CLI
will attempt to complete pathnames for you. This is most handy for the
-I (init image) and -M (init mask) paths. To initiate completion, start
the path with a slash ("/") or "./". For example:

~~~
dream> zebra with a mustache -I./test-pictures<TAB>
-I./test-pictures/Lincoln-and-Parrot.png  -I./test-pictures/zebra.jpg        -I./test-pictures/madonna.png
-I./test-pictures/bad-sketch.png          -I./test-pictures/man_with_eagle/
```

You can then type ++z++, hit ++tab++ again, and it will autofill to `zebra.jpg`.

More text completion features (such as autocompleting seeds) are on their way.