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Minor cleanup and re-arranging of PATH docs (#533)

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* slightly more consistent in how the different scenarios are described
* moved the stuff about `/usr/bin/python` to be adjacent to the stuff about `/usr/bin/python3`
* added an example of the 'option 1' goal state
* described a way to directly answer the question: how many snakes are living in your computer?
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Andre LaBranche 2022-09-13 12:13:47 -07:00 committed by GitHub
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49
docs/installation/INSTALL_MAC.md
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@ -152,21 +152,27 @@ You might also need to install Rust (I mention this again below).
### How many snakes are living in your computer?
Here's the reason why you have to specify which python to use.
There are several versions of python on macOS and the computer is
picking the wrong one. More specifically, preload_models.py and dream.py says to
find the first `python3` in the path environment variable. You can see which one
it is picking with `which python3`. These are the mostly likely paths you'll see.
You might have multiple Python installations on your system, in which case it's
important to be explicit and consistent about which one to use for a given project.
This is because virtual environments are coupled to the Python that created it (and all
the associated 'system-level' modules).
When you run `python` or `python3`, your shell searches the colon-delimited locations
in the `PATH` environment variable (`echo $PATH` to see that list) in that order - first match wins.
You can ask for the location of the first `python3` found in your `PATH` with the `which` command like this:
% which python3
/usr/bin/python3
The above path is part of the OS. However, that path is a stub that asks you if
you want to install Xcode. If you have Xcode installed already,
/usr/bin/python3 will execute /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3 or
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/python3 (depending on which
Anything in `/usr/bin` is [part of the OS](https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/FileSystemOverview/FileSystemOverview.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40010672-CH2-SW6). However, `/usr/bin/python3` is not actually python3, but
rather a stub that offers to install Xcode (which includes python 3). If you have Xcode installed already,
`/usr/bin/python3` will execute `/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3` or
`/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/python3` (depending on which
Xcode you've selected with `xcode-select`).
Note that `/usr/bin/python` is an entirely different python - specifically, python 2. Note: starting in
macOS 12.3, `/usr/bin/python` no longer exists.
% which python3
/opt/homebrew/bin/python3
@ -176,17 +182,21 @@ for Homebrew binaries before system ones, you'll see the above path.
% which python
/opt/anaconda3/bin/python
If you drop the "3" you get an entirely different python. Note: starting in
macOS 12.3, /usr/bin/python no longer exists (it was python 2 anyway).
If you have Anaconda installed, this is what you'll see. There is a
/opt/anaconda3/bin/python3 also.
If you have Anaconda installed, you will see the above path. There is a
`/opt/anaconda3/bin/python3` also. We expect that `/opt/anaconda3/bin/python`
and `/opt/anaconda3/bin/python3` should actually be the *same python*, which you can
verify by comparing the output of `python3 -V` and `python -V`.
(ldm) % which python
/Users/name/miniforge3/envs/ldm/bin/python
This is what you'll see if you have miniforge and you've correctly activated
the ldm environment. This is the goal.
The above is what you'll see if you have miniforge and you've correctly activated
the ldm environment, and you used option 2 in the setup instructions above ("no pyenv").
(anaconda3-2022.05) % which python
/Users/name/.pyenv/shims/python
... and the above is what you'll see if you used option 1 ("Alongside pyenv").
It's all a mess and you should know [how to modify the path environment variable](https://support.apple.com/guide/terminal/use-environment-variables-apd382cc5fa-4f58-4449-b20a-41c53c006f8f/mac)
if you want to fix it. Here's a brief hint of all the ways you can modify it
@ -201,6 +211,13 @@ if you want to fix it. Here's a brief hint of all the ways you can modify it
Which one you use will depend on what you have installed except putting a file
in /etc/paths.d is what I prefer to do.
Finally, to answer the question posed by this section's title, it may help to list
all of the `python` / `python3` things found in `$PATH` instead of just the one that
will be executed by default. To do that, add the `-a` switch to `which`:
% which -a python3
...
### Debugging?
Tired of waiting for your renders to finish before you can see if it