diff --git a/invokeai/backend/lora/lora_model.py b/invokeai/backend/lora/lora_model.py
index a7ab274b40..30a22ce6e3 100644
--- a/invokeai/backend/lora/lora_model.py
+++ b/invokeai/backend/lora/lora_model.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 import torch
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class LoRAModelRaw(torch.nn.Module):
     def __init__(
         self,
         name: str,
-        layers: Dict[str, AnyLoRALayer],
+        layers: dict[str, AnyLoRALayer],
     ):
         super().__init__()
         self._name = name
@@ -55,13 +55,9 @@ class LoRAModelRaw(torch.nn.Module):
         device = device or torch.device("cpu")
         dtype = dtype or torch.float32
 
-        if isinstance(file_path, str):
-            file_path = Path(file_path)
+        file_path = Path(file_path)
 
-        model = cls(
-            name=file_path.stem,
-            layers={},
-        )
+        model_name = file_path.stem
 
         sd = load_state_dict(file_path, device=str(device))
         state_dict = cls._group_state(sd)
@@ -69,6 +65,7 @@ class LoRAModelRaw(torch.nn.Module):
         if base_model == BaseModelType.StableDiffusionXL:
             state_dict = convert_sdxl_keys_to_diffusers_format(state_dict)
 
+        layers: dict[str, AnyLoRALayer] = {}
         for layer_key, values in state_dict.items():
             # lora and locon
             if "lora_down.weight" in values:
@@ -91,20 +88,19 @@ class LoRAModelRaw(torch.nn.Module):
                 layer = IA3Layer(layer_key, values)
 
             else:
-                print(f">> Encountered unknown lora layer module in {model.name}: {layer_key} - {list(values.keys())}")
-                raise Exception("Unknown lora format!")
+                raise ValueError(f"Unknown lora layer module in {model_name}: {layer_key}: {list(values.keys())}")
 
             # lower memory consumption by removing already parsed layer values
             state_dict[layer_key].clear()
 
             layer.to(device=device, dtype=dtype)
-            model.layers[layer_key] = layer
+            layers[layer_key] = layer
 
-        return model
+        return cls(name=model_name, layers=layers)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _group_state(state_dict: Dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, torch.Tensor]]:
-        state_dict_groupped: Dict[str, Dict[str, torch.Tensor]] = {}
+    def _group_state(state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> dict[str, dict[str, torch.Tensor]]:
+        state_dict_groupped: dict[str, dict[str, torch.Tensor]] = {}
 
         for key, value in state_dict.items():
             stem, leaf = key.split(".", 1)
diff --git a/invokeai/backend/lora/sdxl_state_dict_utils.py b/invokeai/backend/lora/sdxl_state_dict_utils.py
index 643c7d353b..15eede468d 100644
--- a/invokeai/backend/lora/sdxl_state_dict_utils.py
+++ b/invokeai/backend/lora/sdxl_state_dict_utils.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import bisect
-
-import torch
+from typing import TypeVar
 
 
 def make_sdxl_unet_conversion_map() -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
@@ -97,7 +96,10 @@ SDXL_UNET_STABILITY_TO_DIFFUSERS_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-def convert_sdxl_keys_to_diffusers_format(state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -> dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def convert_sdxl_keys_to_diffusers_format(state_dict: dict[str, T]) -> dict[str, T]:
     """Convert the keys of an SDXL LoRA state_dict to diffusers format.
 
     The input state_dict can be in either Stability AI format or diffusers format. If the state_dict is already in
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ def convert_sdxl_keys_to_diffusers_format(state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor]) -
     stability_unet_keys = list(SDXL_UNET_STABILITY_TO_DIFFUSERS_MAP)
     stability_unet_keys.sort()
 
-    new_state_dict: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
+    new_state_dict: dict[str, T] = {}
     for full_key, value in state_dict.items():
         if full_key.startswith("lora_unet_"):
             search_key = full_key.replace("lora_unet_", "")