diff --git a/invokeai/frontend/web/src/features/nodes/util/graph/Graph.test.ts b/invokeai/frontend/web/src/features/nodes/util/graph/Graph.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a38dbd218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/invokeai/frontend/web/src/features/nodes/util/graph/Graph.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+import { Graph } from 'features/nodes/util/graph/Graph';
+import type { Invocation } from 'services/api/types';
+import { assert, AssertionError, is } from 'tsafe';
+import { validate } from 'uuid';
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+
+describe('Graph', () => {
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should create a new graph with the correct id', () => {
+      const g = new Graph('test-id');
+      expect(g._graph.id).toBe('test-id');
+    });
+    it('should create a new graph with a uuid id if none is provided', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      expect(g._graph.id).not.toBeUndefined();
+      expect(validate(g._graph.id)).toBeTruthy();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('addNode', () => {
+    const testNode = {
+      id: 'test-node',
+      type: 'add',
+    } as const;
+    it('should add a node to the graph', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode(testNode);
+      expect(g._graph.nodes['test-node']).not.toBeUndefined();
+      expect(g._graph.nodes['test-node']?.type).toBe('add');
+    });
+    it('should set is_intermediate to true if not provided', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode(testNode);
+      expect(g._graph.nodes['test-node']?.is_intermediate).toBe(true);
+    });
+    it('should not overwrite is_intermediate if provided', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode({
+        ...testNode,
+        is_intermediate: false,
+      });
+      expect(g._graph.nodes['test-node']?.is_intermediate).toBe(false);
+    });
+    it('should set use_cache to true if not provided', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode(testNode);
+      expect(g._graph.nodes['test-node']?.use_cache).toBe(true);
+    });
+    it('should not overwrite use_cache if provided', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode({
+        ...testNode,
+        use_cache: false,
+      });
+      expect(g._graph.nodes['test-node']?.use_cache).toBe(false);
+    });
+    it('should error if the node id is already in the graph', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode(testNode);
+      expect(() => g.addNode(testNode)).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+    it('should infer the types if provided', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      const node = g.addNode(testNode);
+      assert(is<Invocation<'add'>>(node));
+      const g2 = new Graph();
+      // @ts-expect-error The node object is an `add` type, but the generic is a `sub` type
+      g2.addNode<'sub'>(testNode);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('updateNode', () => {
+    it('should update the node with the provided id', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      const node: Invocation<'add'> = {
+        id: 'test-node',
+        type: 'add',
+        a: 1,
+      };
+      g.addNode(node);
+      const updatedNode = g.updateNode('test-node', 'add', {
+        a: 2,
+      });
+      expect(g.getNode('test-node', 'add').a).toBe(2);
+      expect(node).toBe(updatedNode);
+    });
+    it('should throw an error if the node is not found', () => {
+      expect(() => new Graph().updateNode('not-found', 'add', {})).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+    it('should throw an error if the node is found but has the wrong type', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode({
+        id: 'test-node',
+        type: 'add',
+        a: 1,
+      });
+      expect(() => g.updateNode('test-node', 'sub', {})).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+    it('should infer types correctly when `type` is omitted', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode({
+        id: 'test-node',
+        type: 'add',
+        a: 1,
+      });
+      const updatedNode = g.updateNode('test-node', 'add', {
+        a: 2,
+      });
+      assert(is<Invocation<'add'>>(updatedNode));
+    });
+    it('should infer types correctly when `type` is provided', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addNode({
+        id: 'test-node',
+        type: 'add',
+        a: 1,
+      });
+      const updatedNode = g.updateNode('test-node', 'add', {
+        a: 2,
+      });
+      assert(is<Invocation<'add'>>(updatedNode));
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('addEdge', () => {
+    it('should add an edge to the graph with the provided values', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+      expect(g._graph.edges.length).toBe(1);
+      expect(g._graph.edges[0]).toEqual({
+        source: { node_id: 'from-node', field: 'value' },
+        destination: { node_id: 'to-node', field: 'b' },
+      });
+    });
+    it('should throw an error if the edge already exists', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+      expect(() => g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b')).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+    it('should infer field names', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      // @ts-expect-error The first field must be a valid output field of the first type arg
+      g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node', 'not-a-valid-field', 'to-node', 'a');
+      // @ts-expect-error The second field must be a valid input field of the second type arg
+      g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node-2', 'value', 'to-node-2', 'not-a-valid-field');
+      // @ts-expect-error The first field must be any valid output field
+      g.addEdge('from-node-3', 'not-a-valid-field', 'to-node-3', 'a');
+      // @ts-expect-error The second field must be any valid input field
+      g.addEdge('from-node-4', 'clip', 'to-node-4', 'not-a-valid-field');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getNode', () => {
+    const g = new Graph();
+    const node = g.addNode({
+      id: 'test-node',
+      type: 'add',
+    });
+
+    it('should return the node with the provided id', () => {
+      const n = g.getNode('test-node');
+      expect(n).toBe(node);
+    });
+    it('should return the node with the provided id and type', () => {
+      const n = g.getNode('test-node', 'add');
+      expect(n).toBe(node);
+      assert(is<Invocation<'add'>>(node));
+    });
+    it('should throw an error if the node is not found', () => {
+      expect(() => g.getNode('not-found')).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+    it('should throw an error if the node is found but has the wrong type', () => {
+      expect(() => g.getNode('test-node', 'sub')).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getNodeSafe', () => {
+    const g = new Graph();
+    const node = g.addNode({
+      id: 'test-node',
+      type: 'add',
+    });
+    it('should return the node if it is found', () => {
+      expect(g.getNodeSafe('test-node')).toBe(node);
+    });
+    it('should return the node if it is found with the provided type', () => {
+      expect(g.getNodeSafe('test-node')).toBe(node);
+      assert(is<Invocation<'add'>>(node));
+    });
+    it("should return undefined if the node isn't found", () => {
+      expect(g.getNodeSafe('not-found')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+    it('should return undefined if the node is found but has the wrong type', () => {
+      expect(g.getNodeSafe('test-node', 'sub')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('hasNode', () => {
+    const g = new Graph();
+    g.addNode({
+      id: 'test-node',
+      type: 'add',
+    });
+
+    it('should return true if the node is in the graph', () => {
+      expect(g.hasNode('test-node')).toBe(true);
+    });
+    it('should return false if the node is not in the graph', () => {
+      expect(g.hasNode('not-found')).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getEdge', () => {
+    const g = new Graph();
+    g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+    it('should return the edge with the provided values', () => {
+      expect(g.getEdge('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b')).toEqual({
+        source: { node_id: 'from-node', field: 'value' },
+        destination: { node_id: 'to-node', field: 'b' },
+      });
+    });
+    it('should throw an error if the edge is not found', () => {
+      expect(() => g.getEdge('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'a')).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getEdgeSafe', () => {
+    const g = new Graph();
+    g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+    it('should return the edge if it is found', () => {
+      expect(g.getEdgeSafe('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b')).toEqual({
+        source: { node_id: 'from-node', field: 'value' },
+        destination: { node_id: 'to-node', field: 'b' },
+      });
+    });
+    it('should return undefined if the edge is not found', () => {
+      expect(g.getEdgeSafe('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'a')).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('hasEdge', () => {
+    const g = new Graph();
+    g.addEdge<'add', 'sub'>('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+    it('should return true if the edge is in the graph', () => {
+      expect(g.hasEdge('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b')).toBe(true);
+    });
+    it('should return false if the edge is not in the graph', () => {
+      expect(g.hasEdge('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'a')).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getGraph', () => {
+    it('should return the graph', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      expect(g.getGraph()).toBe(g._graph);
+    });
+    it('should raise an error if the graph is invalid', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addEdge('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+      expect(() => g.getGraph()).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getGraphSafe', () => {
+    it('should return the graph even if it is invalid', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      g.addEdge('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+      expect(g.getGraphSafe()).toBe(g._graph);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('validate', () => {
+    it('should not throw an error if the graph is valid', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      expect(() => g.validate()).not.toThrow();
+    });
+    it('should throw an error if the graph is invalid', () => {
+      const g = new Graph();
+      // edge from nowhere to nowhere
+      g.addEdge('from-node', 'value', 'to-node', 'b');
+      expect(() => g.validate()).toThrowError(AssertionError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('traversal', () => {
+    const g = new Graph();
+    const n1 = g.addNode({
+      id: 'n1',
+      type: 'add',
+    });
+    const n2 = g.addNode({
+      id: 'n2',
+      type: 'alpha_mask_to_tensor',
+    });
+    const n3 = g.addNode({
+      id: 'n3',
+      type: 'add',
+    });
+    const n4 = g.addNode({
+      id: 'n4',
+      type: 'add',
+    });
+    const n5 = g.addNode({
+      id: 'n5',
+      type: 'add',
+    });
+    const e1 = g.addEdge<'add', 'add'>(n1.id, 'value', n3.id, 'a');
+    const e2 = g.addEdge<'alpha_mask_to_tensor', 'add'>(n2.id, 'height', n3.id, 'b');
+    const e3 = g.addEdge<'add', 'add'>(n3.id, 'value', n4.id, 'a');
+    const e4 = g.addEdge<'add', 'add'>(n3.id, 'value', n5.id, 'b');
+    describe('getEdgesFrom', () => {
+      it('should return the edges that start at the provided node', () => {
+        expect(g.getEdgesFrom(n3.id)).toEqual([e3, e4]);
+      });
+      it('should return the edges that start at the provided node and have the provided field', () => {
+        expect(g.getEdgesFrom(n2.id, 'height')).toEqual([e2]);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('getEdgesTo', () => {
+      it('should return the edges that end at the provided node', () => {
+        expect(g.getEdgesTo(n3.id)).toEqual([e1, e2]);
+      });
+      it('should return the edges that end at the provided node and have the provided field', () => {
+        expect(g.getEdgesTo(n3.id, 'b')).toEqual([e2]);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('getIncomers', () => {
+      it('should return the nodes that have an edge to the provided node', () => {
+        expect(g.getIncomers(n3.id)).toEqual([n1, n2]);
+      });
+    });
+    describe('getOutgoers', () => {
+      it('should return the nodes that the provided node has an edge to', () => {
+        expect(g.getOutgoers(n3.id)).toEqual([n4, n5]);
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/invokeai/frontend/web/src/features/nodes/util/graph/Graph.ts b/invokeai/frontend/web/src/features/nodes/util/graph/Graph.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ecade47b23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/invokeai/frontend/web/src/features/nodes/util/graph/Graph.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+import { isEqual } from 'lodash-es';
+import type {
+  AnyInvocation,
+  AnyInvocationInputField,
+  AnyInvocationOutputField,
+  Invocation,
+  InvocationInputFields,
+  InvocationOutputFields,
+  InvocationType,
+  S,
+} from 'services/api/types';
+import type { O } from 'ts-toolbelt';
+import { assert } from 'tsafe';
+import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
+
+type GraphType = O.NonNullable<O.Required<S['Graph']>>;
+type Edge = GraphType['edges'][number];
+type Never = Record<string, never>;
+
+// The `core_metadata` node has very lax types, it accepts arbitrary field names. It must be excluded from edge utils
+// to preview their types from being widened from a union of valid field names to `string | number | symbol`.
+type EdgeNodeType = Exclude<InvocationType, 'core_metadata'>;
+
+type EdgeFromField<TFrom extends EdgeNodeType | Never = Never> = TFrom extends EdgeNodeType
+  ? InvocationOutputFields<TFrom>
+  : AnyInvocationOutputField;
+
+type EdgeToField<TTo extends EdgeNodeType | Never = Never> = TTo extends EdgeNodeType
+  ? InvocationInputFields<TTo>
+  : AnyInvocationInputField;
+
+export class Graph {
+  _graph: GraphType;
+
+  constructor(id?: string) {
+    this._graph = {
+      id: id ?? Graph.uuid(),
+      nodes: {},
+      edges: [],
+    };
+  }
+
+  //#region Node Operations
+
+  /**
+   * Add a node to the graph. If a node with the same id already exists, an `AssertionError` is raised.
+   * The optional `is_intermediate` and `use_cache` fields are set to `true` and `true` respectively if not set on the node.
+   * @param node The node to add.
+   * @returns The added node.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if a node with the same id already exists.
+   */
+  addNode<T extends InvocationType>(node: Invocation<T>): Invocation<T> {
+    assert(this._graph.nodes[node.id] === undefined, Graph.getNodeAlreadyExistsMsg(node.id));
+    if (node.is_intermediate === undefined) {
+      node.is_intermediate = true;
+    }
+    if (node.use_cache === undefined) {
+      node.use_cache = true;
+    }
+    this._graph.nodes[node.id] = node;
+    return node;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a node from the graph.
+   * @param id The id of the node to get.
+   * @param type The type of the node to get. If provided, the retrieved node is guaranteed to be of this type.
+   * @returns The node.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if the node does not exist or if a `type` is provided but the node is not of the expected type.
+   */
+  getNode<T extends InvocationType>(id: string, type?: T): Invocation<T> {
+    const node = this._graph.nodes[id];
+    assert(node !== undefined, Graph.getNodeNotFoundMsg(id));
+    if (type) {
+      assert(node.type === type, Graph.getNodeNotOfTypeMsg(node, type));
+    }
+    // We just asserted that the node type is correct, this is OK to cast
+    return node as Invocation<T>;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a node from the graph without raising an error if the node does not exist or is not of the expected type.
+   * @param id The id of the node to get.
+   * @param type The type of the node to get. If provided, node is guaranteed to be of this type.
+   * @returns The node, if it exists and is of the correct type. Otherwise, `undefined`.
+   */
+  getNodeSafe<T extends InvocationType>(id: string, type?: T): Invocation<T> | undefined {
+    try {
+      return this.getNode(id, type);
+    } catch {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update a node in the graph. Properties are shallow-copied from `updates` to the node.
+   * @param id The id of the node to update.
+   * @param type The type of the node to update. If provided, node is guaranteed to be of this type.
+   * @param updates The fields to update on the node.
+   * @returns The updated node.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if the node does not exist or its type doesn't match.
+   */
+  updateNode<T extends InvocationType>(id: string, type: T, updates: Partial<Invocation<T>>): Invocation<T> {
+    const node = this.getNode(id, type);
+    Object.assign(node, updates);
+    return node;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a node exists in the graph.
+   * @param id The id of the node to check.
+   */
+  hasNode(id: string): boolean {
+    try {
+      this.getNode(id);
+      return true;
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the immediate incomers of a node.
+   * @param nodeId The id of the node to get the incomers of.
+   * @returns The incoming nodes.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if the node does not exist.
+   */
+  getIncomers(nodeId: string): AnyInvocation[] {
+    return this.getEdgesTo(nodeId).map((edge) => this.getNode(edge.source.node_id));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the immediate outgoers of a node.
+   * @param nodeId The id of the node to get the outgoers of.
+   * @returns The outgoing nodes.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if the node does not exist.
+   */
+  getOutgoers(nodeId: string): AnyInvocation[] {
+    return this.getEdgesFrom(nodeId).map((edge) => this.getNode(edge.destination.node_id));
+  }
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region Edge Operations
+
+  /**
+   * Add an edge to the graph. If an edge with the same source and destination already exists, an `AssertionError` is raised.
+   * Provide the from and to node types as generics to get type hints for from and to field names.
+   * @param fromNodeId The id of the source node.
+   * @param fromField The field of the source node.
+   * @param toNodeId The id of the destination node.
+   * @param toField The field of the destination node.
+   * @returns The added edge.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if an edge with the same source and destination already exists.
+   */
+  addEdge<TFrom extends EdgeNodeType, TTo extends EdgeNodeType>(
+    fromNodeId: string,
+    fromField: EdgeFromField<TFrom>,
+    toNodeId: string,
+    toField: EdgeToField<TTo>
+  ): Edge {
+    const edge = {
+      source: { node_id: fromNodeId, field: fromField },
+      destination: { node_id: toNodeId, field: toField },
+    };
+    assert(
+      !this._graph.edges.some((e) => isEqual(e, edge)),
+      Graph.getEdgeAlreadyExistsMsg(fromNodeId, fromField, toNodeId, toField)
+    );
+    this._graph.edges.push(edge);
+    return edge;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an edge from the graph. If the edge does not exist, an `AssertionError` is raised.
+   * Provide the from and to node types as generics to get type hints for from and to field names.
+   * @param fromNodeId The id of the source node.
+   * @param fromField The field of the source node.
+   * @param toNodeId The id of the destination node.
+   * @param toField The field of the destination node.
+   * @returns The edge.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if the edge does not exist.
+   */
+  getEdge<TFrom extends EdgeNodeType, TTo extends EdgeNodeType>(
+    fromNode: string,
+    fromField: EdgeFromField<TFrom>,
+    toNode: string,
+    toField: EdgeToField<TTo>
+  ): Edge {
+    const edge = this._graph.edges.find(
+      (e) =>
+        e.source.node_id === fromNode &&
+        e.source.field === fromField &&
+        e.destination.node_id === toNode &&
+        e.destination.field === toField
+    );
+    assert(edge !== undefined, Graph.getEdgeNotFoundMsg(fromNode, fromField, toNode, toField));
+    return edge;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get an edge from the graph, or undefined if it doesn't exist.
+   * Provide the from and to node types as generics to get type hints for from and to field names.
+   * @param fromNodeId The id of the source node.
+   * @param fromField The field of the source node.
+   * @param toNodeId The id of the destination node.
+   * @param toField The field of the destination node.
+   * @returns The edge, or undefined if it doesn't exist.
+   */
+  getEdgeSafe<TFrom extends EdgeNodeType, TTo extends EdgeNodeType>(
+    fromNode: string,
+    fromField: EdgeFromField<TFrom>,
+    toNode: string,
+    toField: EdgeToField<TTo>
+  ): Edge | undefined {
+    try {
+      return this.getEdge(fromNode, fromField, toNode, toField);
+    } catch {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a graph has an edge.
+   * Provide the from and to node types as generics to get type hints for from and to field names.
+   * @param fromNodeId The id of the source node.
+   * @param fromField The field of the source node.
+   * @param toNodeId The id of the destination node.
+   * @param toField The field of the destination node.
+   * @returns Whether the graph has the edge.
+   */
+
+  hasEdge<TFrom extends EdgeNodeType, TTo extends EdgeNodeType>(
+    fromNode: string,
+    fromField: EdgeFromField<TFrom>,
+    toNode: string,
+    toField: EdgeToField<TTo>
+  ): boolean {
+    try {
+      this.getEdge(fromNode, fromField, toNode, toField);
+      return true;
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all edges from a node. If `fromField` is provided, only edges from that field are returned.
+   * Provide the from node type as a generic to get type hints for from field names.
+   * @param fromNodeId The id of the source node.
+   * @param fromField The field of the source node (optional).
+   * @returns The edges.
+   */
+  getEdgesFrom<TFrom extends EdgeNodeType>(fromNodeId: string, fromField?: EdgeFromField<TFrom>): Edge[] {
+    let edges = this._graph.edges.filter((edge) => edge.source.node_id === fromNodeId);
+    if (fromField) {
+      edges = edges.filter((edge) => edge.source.field === fromField);
+    }
+    return edges;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get all edges to a node. If `toField` is provided, only edges to that field are returned.
+   * Provide the to node type as a generic to get type hints for to field names.
+   * @param toNodeId The id of the destination node.
+   * @param toField The field of the destination node (optional).
+   * @returns The edges.
+   */
+  getEdgesTo<TTo extends EdgeNodeType>(toNodeId: string, toField?: EdgeToField<TTo>): Edge[] {
+    let edges = this._graph.edges.filter((edge) => edge.destination.node_id === toNodeId);
+    if (toField) {
+      edges = edges.filter((edge) => edge.destination.field === toField);
+    }
+    return edges;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete _all_ matching edges from the graph. Uses _.isEqual for comparison.
+   * @param edge The edge to delete
+   */
+  private _deleteEdge(edge: Edge): void {
+    this._graph.edges = this._graph.edges.filter((e) => !isEqual(e, edge));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete all edges to a node. If `toField` is provided, only edges to that field are deleted.
+   * Provide the to node type as a generic to get type hints for to field names.
+   * @param toNodeId The id of the destination node.
+   * @param toField The field of the destination node (optional).
+   */
+  deleteEdgesTo<TTo extends EdgeNodeType>(toNodeId: string, toField?: EdgeToField<TTo>): void {
+    for (const edge of this.getEdgesTo<TTo>(toNodeId, toField)) {
+      this._deleteEdge(edge);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete all edges from a node. If `fromField` is provided, only edges from that field are deleted.
+   * Provide the from node type as a generic to get type hints for from field names.
+   * @param toNodeId The id of the source node.
+   * @param toField The field of the source node (optional).
+   */
+  deleteEdgesFrom<TFrom extends EdgeNodeType>(fromNodeId: string, fromField?: EdgeFromField<TFrom>): void {
+    for (const edge of this.getEdgesFrom<TFrom>(fromNodeId, fromField)) {
+      this._deleteEdge(edge);
+    }
+  }
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region Graph Ops
+
+  /**
+   * Validate the graph. Checks that all edges have valid source and destination nodes.
+   * TODO(psyche): Add more validation checks - cycles, valid invocation types, etc.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if an edge has an invalid source or destination node.
+   */
+  validate(): void {
+    for (const edge of this._graph.edges) {
+      this.getNode(edge.source.node_id);
+      this.getNode(edge.destination.node_id);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the graph after validating it.
+   * @returns The graph.
+   * @raises `AssertionError` if the graph is invalid.
+   */
+  getGraph(): GraphType {
+    this.validate();
+    return this._graph;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the graph without validating it.
+   * @returns The graph.
+   */
+  getGraphSafe(): GraphType {
+    return this._graph;
+  }
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region Util
+
+  static getNodeNotFoundMsg(id: string): string {
+    return `Node ${id} not found`;
+  }
+
+  static getNodeNotOfTypeMsg(node: AnyInvocation, expectedType: InvocationType): string {
+    return `Node ${node.id} is not of type ${expectedType}: ${node.type}`;
+  }
+
+  static getNodeAlreadyExistsMsg(id: string): string {
+    return `Node ${id} already exists`;
+  }
+
+  static getEdgeNotFoundMsg(fromNodeId: string, fromField: string, toNodeId: string, toField: string) {
+    return `Edge from ${fromNodeId}.${fromField} to ${toNodeId}.${toField} not found`;
+  }
+
+  static getEdgeAlreadyExistsMsg(fromNodeId: string, fromField: string, toNodeId: string, toField: string) {
+    return `Edge from ${fromNodeId}.${fromField} to ${toNodeId}.${toField} already exists`;
+  }
+
+  static uuid = uuidv4;
+  //#endregion
+}