InvokeAI/ldm/generate.py

# Copyright (c) 2022 Lincoln D. Stein (https://github.com/lstein)

# Derived from source code carrying the following copyrights
# Copyright (c) 2022 Machine Vision and Learning Group, LMU Munich
# Copyright (c) 2022 Robin Rombach and Patrick Esser and contributors

import torch
import numpy as np
import random
import os
import time
import re
import sys
import traceback
import transformers
import io
import hashlib
import cv2
import skimage

from omegaconf import OmegaConf
from PIL import Image, ImageOps
from torch import nn
from pytorch_lightning import seed_everything, logging

from ldm.util                      import instantiate_from_config
from ldm.models.diffusion.ddim     import DDIMSampler
from ldm.models.diffusion.plms     import PLMSSampler
from ldm.models.diffusion.ksampler import KSampler
from ldm.dream.pngwriter           import PngWriter, retrieve_metadata
from ldm.dream.args                import metadata_loads
from ldm.dream.image_util          import InitImageResizer
from ldm.dream.devices             import choose_torch_device, choose_precision
from ldm.dream.conditioning        import get_uc_and_c

def fix_func(orig):
    if hasattr(torch.backends, 'mps') and torch.backends.mps.is_available():
        def new_func(*args, **kw):
            device = kw.get("device", "mps")
            kw["device"]="cpu"
            return orig(*args, **kw).to(device)
        return new_func
    return orig

torch.rand = fix_func(torch.rand)
torch.rand_like = fix_func(torch.rand_like)
torch.randn = fix_func(torch.randn)
torch.randn_like = fix_func(torch.randn_like)
torch.randint = fix_func(torch.randint)
torch.randint_like = fix_func(torch.randint_like)
torch.bernoulli = fix_func(torch.bernoulli)
torch.multinomial = fix_func(torch.multinomial)

"""Simplified text to image API for stable diffusion/latent diffusion

Example Usage:

from ldm.generate import Generate

# Create an object with default values
gr = Generate('stable-diffusion-1.4')

# do the slow model initialization
gr.load_model()

# Do the fast inference & image generation. Any options passed here
# override the default values assigned during class initialization
# Will call load_model() if the model was not previously loaded and so
# may be slow at first.
# The method returns a list of images. Each row of the list is a sub-list of [filename,seed]
results = gr.prompt2png(prompt     = "an astronaut riding a horse",
                         outdir     = "./outputs/samples",
                         iterations = 3)

for row in results:
    print(f'filename={row[0]}')
    print(f'seed    ={row[1]}')

# Same thing, but using an initial image.
results = gr.prompt2png(prompt   = "an astronaut riding a horse",
                         outdir   = "./outputs/,
                         iterations = 3,
                         init_img = "./sketches/horse+rider.png")

for row in results:
    print(f'filename={row[0]}')
    print(f'seed    ={row[1]}')

# Same thing, but we return a series of Image objects, which lets you manipulate them,
# combine them, and save them under arbitrary names

results = gr.prompt2image(prompt   = "an astronaut riding a horse"
                           outdir   = "./outputs/")
for row in results:
    im   = row[0]
    seed = row[1]
    im.save(f'./outputs/samples/an_astronaut_riding_a_horse-{seed}.png')
    im.thumbnail(100,100).save('./outputs/samples/astronaut_thumb.jpg')

Note that the old txt2img() and img2img() calls are deprecated but will
still work.

The full list of arguments to Generate() are:
gr = Generate(
          # these values are set once and shouldn't be changed
          conf        = path to configuration file ('configs/models.yaml')
          model       = symbolic name of the model in the configuration file
          precision   = float precision to be used

          # this value is sticky and maintained between generation calls
          sampler_name   = ['ddim', 'k_dpm_2_a', 'k_dpm_2', 'k_euler_a', 'k_euler', 'k_heun', 'k_lms', 'plms']  // k_lms

          # these are deprecated - use conf and model instead
          weights     = path to model weights ('models/ldm/stable-diffusion-v1/model.ckpt')
          config      = path to model configuraiton ('configs/stable-diffusion/v1-inference.yaml')
          )

"""


class Generate:
    """Generate class
    Stores default values for multiple configuration items
    """

    def __init__(
            self,
            model                 = 'stable-diffusion-1.4',
            conf                  = 'configs/models.yaml',
            embedding_path        = None,
            sampler_name          = 'k_lms',
            ddim_eta              = 0.0,  # deterministic
            full_precision        = False,
            precision             = 'auto',
            # these are deprecated; if present they override values in the conf file
            weights               = None,
            config                = None,
    ):
        models              = OmegaConf.load(conf)
        mconfig             = models[model]
        self.weights        = mconfig.weights if weights is None else weights
        self.config         = mconfig.config  if config  is None else config
        self.height         = mconfig.height
        self.width          = mconfig.width
        self.iterations     = 1
        self.steps          = 50
        self.cfg_scale      = 7.5
        self.sampler_name   = sampler_name
        self.ddim_eta       = 0.0    # same seed always produces same image
        self.precision      = precision
        self.strength       = 0.75
        self.seamless       = False
        self.embedding_path = embedding_path
        self.model          = None     # empty for now
        self.sampler        = None
        self.device         = None
        self.session_peakmem = None
        self.generators     = {}
        self.base_generator = None
        self.seed           = None

        # Note that in previous versions, there was an option to pass the
        # device to Generate(). However the device was then ignored, so
        # it wasn't actually doing anything. This logic could be reinstated.
        device_type = choose_torch_device()
        self.device = torch.device(device_type)
        if full_precision:
            if self.precision != 'auto':
              raise ValueError('Remove --full_precision / -F if using --precision')
            print('Please remove deprecated --full_precision / -F')
            print('If auto config does not work you can use --precision=float32')
            self.precision = 'float32'
        if self.precision == 'auto':
            self.precision = choose_precision(self.device)

        # for VRAM usage statistics
        self.session_peakmem = torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated() if self._has_cuda else None
        transformers.logging.set_verbosity_error()

        # gets rid of annoying messages about random seed
        logging.getLogger('pytorch_lightning').setLevel(logging.ERROR)

    def prompt2png(self, prompt, outdir, **kwargs):
        """
        Takes a prompt and an output directory, writes out the requested number
        of PNG files, and returns an array of [[filename,seed],[filename,seed]...]
        Optional named arguments are the same as those passed to Generate and prompt2image()
        """
        results   = self.prompt2image(prompt, **kwargs)
        pngwriter = PngWriter(outdir)
        prefix    = pngwriter.unique_prefix()
        outputs   = []
        for image, seed in results:
            name = f'{prefix}.{seed}.png'
            path = pngwriter.save_image_and_prompt_to_png(
                image, dream_prompt=f'{prompt} -S{seed}', name=name)
            outputs.append([path, seed])
        return outputs

    def txt2img(self, prompt, **kwargs):
        outdir = kwargs.pop('outdir', 'outputs/img-samples')
        return self.prompt2png(prompt, outdir, **kwargs)

    def img2img(self, prompt, **kwargs):
        outdir = kwargs.pop('outdir', 'outputs/img-samples')
        assert (
            'init_img' in kwargs
        ), 'call to img2img() must include the init_img argument'
        return self.prompt2png(prompt, outdir, **kwargs)

    def prompt2image(
            self,
            # these are common
            prompt,
            iterations       = None,
            steps            = None,
            seed             = None,
            cfg_scale        = None,
            ddim_eta         = None,
            skip_normalize   = False,
            image_callback   = None,
            step_callback    = None,
            width            = None,
            height           = None,
            sampler_name     = None,
            seamless         = False,
            log_tokenization = False,
            with_variations  = None,
            variation_amount = 0.0,
            # these are specific to img2img and inpaint
            init_img         = None,
            init_mask        = None,
            fit              = False,
            strength         = None,
            init_color       = None,
            # these are specific to embiggen (which also relies on img2img args)
            embiggen       =    None,
            embiggen_tiles =    None,
            # these are specific to GFPGAN/ESRGAN
            facetool         = None,
            gfpgan_strength  = 0,
            codeformer_fidelity = None,
            save_original    = False,
            upscale          = None,
            # Set this True to handle KeyboardInterrupt internally
            catch_interrupts = False,
            **args,
    ):   # eat up additional cruft
        """
        ldm.generate.prompt2image() is the common entry point for txt2img() and img2img()
        It takes the following arguments:
           prompt                          // prompt string (no default)
           iterations                      // iterations (1); image count=iterations
           steps                           // refinement steps per iteration
           seed                            // seed for random number generator
           width                           // width of image, in multiples of 64 (512)
           height                          // height of image, in multiples of 64 (512)
           cfg_scale                       // how strongly the prompt influences the image (7.5) (must be >1)
           seamless                        // whether the generated image should tile
           init_img                        // path to an initial image
           strength                        // strength for noising/unnoising init_img. 0.0 preserves image exactly, 1.0 replaces it completely
           gfpgan_strength                 // strength for GFPGAN. 0.0 preserves image exactly, 1.0 replaces it completely
           ddim_eta                        // image randomness (eta=0.0 means the same seed always produces the same image)
           step_callback                   // a function or method that will be called each step
           image_callback                  // a function or method that will be called each time an image is generated
           with_variations                 // a weighted list [(seed_1, weight_1), (seed_2, weight_2), ...] of variations which should be applied before doing any generation
           variation_amount                // optional 0-1 value to slerp from -S noise to random noise (allows variations on an image)
           embiggen                        // scale factor relative to the size of the --init_img (-I), followed by ESRGAN upscaling strength (0-1.0), followed by minimum amount of overlap between tiles as a decimal ratio (0 - 1.0) or number of pixels
           embiggen_tiles                  // list of tiles by number in order to process and replace onto the image e.g. `0 2 4`

        To use the step callback, define a function that receives two arguments:
        - Image GPU data
        - The step number

        To use the image callback, define a function of method that receives two arguments, an Image object
        and the seed. You can then do whatever you like with the image, including converting it to
        different formats and manipulating it. For example:

            def process_image(image,seed):
                image.save(f{'images/seed.png'})

        The callback used by the prompt2png() can be found in ldm/dream_util.py. It contains code
        to create the requested output directory, select a unique informative name for each image, and
        write the prompt into the PNG metadata.
        """
        # TODO: convert this into a getattr() loop
        steps                 = steps      or self.steps
        width                 = width      or self.width
        height                = height     or self.height
        seamless              = seamless   or self.seamless
        cfg_scale             = cfg_scale  or self.cfg_scale
        ddim_eta              = ddim_eta   or self.ddim_eta
        iterations            = iterations or self.iterations
        strength              = strength   or self.strength
        self.seed             = seed
        self.log_tokenization = log_tokenization
        self.step_callback    = step_callback
        with_variations = [] if with_variations is None else with_variations

        # will instantiate the model or return it from cache
        model = self.load_model()
        
        for m in model.modules():
            if isinstance(m, (nn.Conv2d, nn.ConvTranspose2d)):
                m.padding_mode = 'circular' if seamless else m._orig_padding_mode
        
        assert cfg_scale > 1.0, 'CFG_Scale (-C) must be >1.0'
        assert (
            0.0 < strength < 1.0
        ), 'img2img and inpaint strength can only work with 0.0 < strength < 1.0'
        assert (
                0.0 <= variation_amount <= 1.0
        ), '-v --variation_amount must be in [0.0, 1.0]'
        assert (
            (embiggen == None and embiggen_tiles == None) or ((embiggen != None or embiggen_tiles != None) and init_img != None)
        ), 'Embiggen requires an init/input image to be specified'

        if len(with_variations) > 0 or variation_amount > 1.0:
            assert seed is not None,\
                'seed must be specified when using with_variations'
            if variation_amount == 0.0:
                assert iterations == 1,\
                    'when using --with_variations, multiple iterations are only possible when using --variation_amount'
            assert all(0 <= weight <= 1 for _, weight in with_variations),\
                f'variation weights must be in [0.0, 1.0]: got {[weight for _, weight in with_variations]}'

        width, height, _ = self._resolution_check(width, height, log=True)

        if sampler_name and (sampler_name != self.sampler_name):
            self.sampler_name = sampler_name
            self._set_sampler()

        tic = time.time()
        if self._has_cuda():
            torch.cuda.reset_peak_memory_stats()

        results          = list()
        init_image       = None
        mask_image       = None

        try:
            uc, c = get_uc_and_c(
                prompt, model =self.model,
                skip_normalize=skip_normalize,
                log_tokens    =self.log_tokenization
            )

            (init_image,mask_image) = self._make_images(init_img,init_mask, width, height, fit)
            
            if (init_image is not None) and (mask_image is not None):
                generator = self._make_inpaint()
            elif (embiggen != None or embiggen_tiles != None):
                generator = self._make_embiggen()
            elif init_image is not None:
                generator = self._make_img2img()
            else:
                generator = self._make_txt2img()

            generator.set_variation(self.seed, variation_amount, with_variations)
            results = generator.generate(
                prompt,
                iterations     = iterations,
                seed           = self.seed,
                sampler        = self.sampler,
                steps          = steps,
                cfg_scale      = cfg_scale,
                conditioning   = (uc,c),
                ddim_eta       = ddim_eta,
                image_callback = image_callback,  # called after the final image is generated
                step_callback  = step_callback,   # called after each intermediate image is generated
                width          = width,
                height         = height,
                init_img       = init_img,        # embiggen needs to manipulate from the unmodified init_img
                init_image     = init_image,      # notice that init_image is different from init_img
                mask_image     = mask_image,
                strength       = strength,
                embiggen       = embiggen,
                embiggen_tiles = embiggen_tiles,
            )

            if init_color:
                self.correct_colors(image_list           = results,
                                    reference_image_path = init_color,
                                    image_callback       = image_callback)

            if upscale is not None or gfpgan_strength > 0:
                self.upscale_and_reconstruct(results,
                                             upscale        = upscale,
                                             facetool       = facetool,
                                             strength       = gfpgan_strength,
                                             codeformer_fidelity = codeformer_fidelity,
                                             save_original  = save_original,
                                             image_callback = image_callback)

        except RuntimeError as e:
            print(traceback.format_exc(), file=sys.stderr)
            print('>> Could not generate image.')
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            if catch_interrupts:
                print('**Interrupted** Partial results will be returned.')
            else:
                raise KeyboardInterrupt

        toc = time.time()
        print('>> Usage stats:')
        print(
            f'>>   {len(results)} image(s) generated in', '%4.2fs' % (toc - tic)
        )
        if self._has_cuda():
            print(
                f'>>   Max VRAM used for this generation:',
                '%4.2fG.' % (torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated() / 1e9),
                'Current VRAM utilization:',
                '%4.2fG' % (torch.cuda.memory_allocated() / 1e9),
            )

            self.session_peakmem = max(
                self.session_peakmem, torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated()
            )
            print(
                f'>>   Max VRAM used since script start: ',
                '%4.2fG' % (self.session_peakmem / 1e9),
            )
        return results

    # this needs to be generalized to all sorts of postprocessors, but for now
    # sufficient to support most use cases
    def apply_postprocessor(
            self,
            image_path,
            tool                = 'gfpgan',  # one of 'upscale', 'gfpgan', 'codeformer', or 'embiggen'
            gfpgan_strength     = 0.0,
            codeformer_fidelity = 0.75,
            save_original       = True, # to get new name
            upscale             = None,
            callback            = None,
            opt                 = None,
            ):
        # retrieve the seed from the image;
        # note that we will try both the new way and the old way, since not all files have the
        # metadata (yet)
        seed   = None
        image_metadata = None
        prompt = None
        try:
            meta = retrieve_metadata(image_path)
            args = metadata_loads(meta)
            if len(args) > 1:
                print("* Can't postprocess a grid")
                return
            seed   = args[0].seed
            prompt = args[0].prompt
            print(f'>> retrieved seed {seed} and prompt "{prompt}" from {image_path}')
        except:
            m    = re.search('(\d+)\.png$',image_path)
            if m:
                seed = m.group(1)

        if not seed:
            print('* Could not recover seed for image. Replacing with 42. This will not affect image quality')
            seed = 42
        
        # face fixers and esrgan take an Image, but embiggen takes a path
        image = Image.open(image_path)

        # Note that we need to adopt a uniform API for the postprocessors.
        # This is completely ad hoc ATCM
        if tool in ('gfpgan','codeformer','upscale'):
            if tool == 'gfpgan':
                facetool = 'gfpgan'
            elif tool == 'codeformer':
                facetool = 'codeformer'
            elif tool == 'upscale':
                facetool = 'gfpgan'   # but won't be run
                gfpgan_strength = 0
            return self.upscale_and_reconstruct(
                [[image,seed]],
                facetool = facetool,
                strength = gfpgan_strength,
                codeformer_fidelity = codeformer_fidelity,
                save_original = save_original,
                upscale = upscale,
                image_callback = callback,
            )

        elif tool == 'embiggen':
            # fetch the metadata from the image
            generator = self._make_embiggen()
            uc, c = get_uc_and_c(
                prompt, model =self.model,
                skip_normalize=opt.skip_normalize,
                log_tokens    =opt.log_tokenization
            )
            # embiggen takes a image path (sigh)
            generator.generate(
                prompt,
                sampler     = self.sampler,
                steps       = opt.steps,
                cfg_scale   = opt.cfg_scale,
                ddim_eta    = self.ddim_eta,
                conditioning= (uc, c),
                init_img    = image_path,  # not the Image! (sigh)
                init_image  = image,       # embiggen wants both! (sigh)
                strength    = opt.strength,
                width       = opt.width,
                height      = opt.height,
                embiggen    = opt.embiggen,
                embiggen_tiles = opt.embiggen_tiles,
                image_callback = callback,
            )

        else:
            print(f'* postprocessing tool {tool} is not yet supported')
            return None


    def _make_images(self, img_path, mask_path, width, height, fit=False):
        init_image      = None
        init_mask       = None
        if not img_path:
            return None,None

        image        = self._load_img(img_path, width, height, fit=fit) # this returns an Image
        init_image   = self._create_init_image(image)                   # this returns a torch tensor

        if self._has_transparency(image) and not mask_path:      # if image has a transparent area and no mask was provided, then try to generate mask
            print('>> Initial image has transparent areas. Will inpaint in these regions.')
            if self._check_for_erasure(image):
                print(
                    '>> WARNING: Colors underneath the transparent region seem to have been erased.\n',
                    '>>          Inpainting will be suboptimal. Please preserve the colors when making\n',
                    '>>          a transparency mask, or provide mask explicitly using --init_mask (-M).'
                )
            init_mask = self._create_init_mask(image)                   # this returns a torch tensor

        if mask_path:
            mask_image  = self._load_img(mask_path, width, height, fit=fit) # this returns an Image
            init_mask   = self._create_init_mask(mask_image)

        return init_image,init_mask

    def _make_img2img(self):
        if not self.generators.get('img2img'):
            from ldm.dream.generator.img2img import Img2Img
            self.generators['img2img'] = Img2Img(self.model, self.precision)
        return self.generators['img2img']

    def _make_embiggen(self):
        if not self.generators.get('embiggen'):
            from ldm.dream.generator.embiggen import Embiggen
            self.generators['embiggen'] = Embiggen(self.model, self.precision)
        return self.generators['embiggen']

    def _make_txt2img(self):
        if not self.generators.get('txt2img'):
            from ldm.dream.generator.txt2img import Txt2Img
            self.generators['txt2img'] = Txt2Img(self.model, self.precision)
        return self.generators['txt2img']

    def _make_inpaint(self):
        if not self.generators.get('inpaint'):
            from ldm.dream.generator.inpaint import Inpaint
            self.generators['inpaint'] = Inpaint(self.model, self.precision)
        return self.generators['inpaint']

    def load_model(self):
        """Load and initialize the model from configuration variables passed at object creation time"""
        if self.model is None:
            seed_everything(random.randrange(0, np.iinfo(np.uint32).max))
            try:
                model = self._load_model_from_config(self.config, self.weights)
                if self.embedding_path is not None:
                    model.embedding_manager.load(
                        self.embedding_path, self.precision == 'float32' or self.precision == 'autocast'
                    )
                self.model = model.to(self.device)
                # model.to doesn't change the cond_stage_model.device used to move the tokenizer output, so set it here
                self.model.cond_stage_model.device = self.device
            except AttributeError as e:
                print(f'>> Error loading model. {str(e)}', file=sys.stderr)
                print(traceback.format_exc(), file=sys.stderr)
                raise SystemExit from e

            self._set_sampler()

            for m in self.model.modules():
                if isinstance(m, (nn.Conv2d, nn.ConvTranspose2d)):
                    m._orig_padding_mode = m.padding_mode

        return self.model

    def correct_colors(self,
                       image_list,
                       reference_image_path,
                       image_callback = None):
        reference_image = Image.open(reference_image_path)
        correction_target = cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(reference_image),
                                         cv2.COLOR_RGB2LAB)
        for r in image_list:
            image, seed = r
            image = cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(image),
                                 cv2.COLOR_RGB2LAB)
            image = skimage.exposure.match_histograms(image,
                                                      correction_target,
                                                      channel_axis=2)
            image = Image.fromarray(
                cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_LAB2RGB).astype("uint8")
            )
            if image_callback is not None:
                image_callback(image, seed)
            else:
                r[0] = image

    def upscale_and_reconstruct(self,
                                image_list,
                                facetool      = 'gfpgan',
                                upscale       = None,
                                strength      =  0.0,
                                codeformer_fidelity = 0.75,
                                save_original = False,
                                image_callback = None):
        try:
            if upscale is not None:
                from ldm.gfpgan.gfpgan_tools import real_esrgan_upscale
            if strength > 0:
                if facetool == 'codeformer':
                    from ldm.restoration.codeformer.codeformer import CodeFormerRestoration
                else:
                    from ldm.gfpgan.gfpgan_tools import run_gfpgan
        except (ModuleNotFoundError, ImportError):
            print(traceback.format_exc(), file=sys.stderr)
            print('>> You may need to install the ESRGAN and/or GFPGAN modules')
            return
            
        for r in image_list:
            image, seed = r
            try:
                if upscale is not None:
                    if len(upscale) < 2:
                        upscale.append(0.75)
                    image = real_esrgan_upscale(
                        image,
                        upscale[1],
                        int(upscale[0]),
                        seed,
                    )
                if strength > 0:
                    if facetool == 'codeformer':
                        image = CodeFormerRestoration().process(image=image, strength=strength, device=self.device, seed=seed, fidelity=codeformer_fidelity)
                    else:
                        image = run_gfpgan(
                            image, strength, seed, 1
                        )
            except Exception as e:
                print(
                    f'>> Error running RealESRGAN or GFPGAN. Your image was not upscaled.\n{e}'
                )

            if image_callback is not None:
                image_callback(image, seed, upscaled=True)
            else:
                r[0] = image

    # to help WebGUI - front end to generator util function
    def sample_to_image(self,samples):
        return self._sample_to_image(samples)

    def _sample_to_image(self,samples):
        if not self.base_generator:
            from ldm.dream.generator import Generator
            self.base_generator = Generator(self.model)
        return self.base_generator.sample_to_image(samples)

    def _set_sampler(self):
        msg = f'>> Setting Sampler to {self.sampler_name}'
        if self.sampler_name == 'plms':
            self.sampler = PLMSSampler(self.model, device=self.device)
        elif self.sampler_name == 'ddim':
            self.sampler = DDIMSampler(self.model, device=self.device)
        elif self.sampler_name == 'k_dpm_2_a':
            self.sampler = KSampler(
                self.model, 'dpm_2_ancestral', device=self.device
            )
        elif self.sampler_name == 'k_dpm_2':
            self.sampler = KSampler(self.model, 'dpm_2', device=self.device)
        elif self.sampler_name == 'k_euler_a':
            self.sampler = KSampler(
                self.model, 'euler_ancestral', device=self.device
            )
        elif self.sampler_name == 'k_euler':
            self.sampler = KSampler(self.model, 'euler', device=self.device)
        elif self.sampler_name == 'k_heun':
            self.sampler = KSampler(self.model, 'heun', device=self.device)
        elif self.sampler_name == 'k_lms':
            self.sampler = KSampler(self.model, 'lms', device=self.device)
        else:
            msg = f'>> Unsupported Sampler: {self.sampler_name}, Defaulting to plms'
            self.sampler = PLMSSampler(self.model, device=self.device)

        print(msg)

    # Be warned: config is the path to the model config file, not the dream conf file!
    # Also note that we can get config and weights from self, so why do we need to
    # pass them as args?
    def _load_model_from_config(self, config, weights):
        print(f'>> Loading model from {weights}')

        # for usage statistics
        device_type = choose_torch_device()
        if device_type == 'cuda':
            torch.cuda.reset_peak_memory_stats() 
        tic = time.time()

        # this does the work
        c     = OmegaConf.load(config)
        with open(weights,'rb') as f:
            weight_bytes = f.read()
        self.model_hash  = self._cached_sha256(weights,weight_bytes)
        pl_sd = torch.load(io.BytesIO(weight_bytes), map_location='cpu')
        del weight_bytes
        sd    = pl_sd['state_dict']
        model = instantiate_from_config(c.model)
        m, u  = model.load_state_dict(sd, strict=False)

        if self.precision == 'float16':
            print('Using faster float16 precision')
            model.to(torch.float16)
        else:
            print('Using more accurate float32 precision')

        model.to(self.device)
        model.eval()

        # usage statistics
        toc = time.time()
        print(
            f'>> Model loaded in', '%4.2fs' % (toc - tic)
        )
        if self._has_cuda():
            print(
                '>> Max VRAM used to load the model:',
                '%4.2fG' % (torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated() / 1e9),
                '\n>> Current VRAM usage:'
                '%4.2fG' % (torch.cuda.memory_allocated() / 1e9),
            )

        return model

    def _load_img(self, path, width, height, fit=False):
        assert os.path.exists(path), f'>> {path}: File not found'

        #        with Image.open(path) as img:
        #            image = img.convert('RGBA')
        image = Image.open(path)
        print(
            f'>> loaded input image of size {image.width}x{image.height} from {path}'
        )
        if fit:
            image = self._fit_image(image,(width,height))
        else:
            image = self._squeeze_image(image)
        return image

    def _create_init_image(self,image):
        image = image.convert('RGB')
        # print(
        #     f'>> DEBUG: writing the image to img.png'
        # )
        # image.save('img.png')
        image = np.array(image).astype(np.float32) / 255.0
        image = image[None].transpose(0, 3, 1, 2)
        image = torch.from_numpy(image)
        image = 2.0 * image - 1.0 
        return image.to(self.device)

    def _create_init_mask(self, image):
        # convert into a black/white mask
        image = self._image_to_mask(image)
        image = image.convert('RGB')
        # BUG: We need to use the model's downsample factor rather than hardcoding "8"
        from ldm.dream.generator.base import downsampling
        image = image.resize((image.width//downsampling, image.height//downsampling), resample=Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
        # print(
        #     f'>> DEBUG: writing the mask to mask.png'
        #     )
        # image.save('mask.png')
        image = np.array(image)
        image = image.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
        image = image[None].transpose(0, 3, 1, 2)
        image = torch.from_numpy(image)
        return image.to(self.device)

    # The mask is expected to have the region to be inpainted
    # with alpha transparency. It converts it into a black/white
    # image with the transparent part black.
    def _image_to_mask(self, mask_image, invert=False) -> Image:
        # Obtain the mask from the transparency channel
        mask = Image.new(mode="L", size=mask_image.size, color=255)
        mask.putdata(mask_image.getdata(band=3))
        if invert:
            mask = ImageOps.invert(mask)
        return mask

    def _has_transparency(self,image):
        if image.info.get("transparency", None) is not None:
            return True
        if image.mode == "P":
            transparent = image.info.get("transparency", -1)
            for _, index in image.getcolors():
                if index == transparent:
                    return True
        elif image.mode == "RGBA":
            extrema = image.getextrema()
            if extrema[3][0] < 255:
                return True
        return False

    
    def _check_for_erasure(self,image):
        width, height = image.size
        pixdata       = image.load()
        colored       = 0
        for y in range(height):
            for x in range(width):
                if pixdata[x, y][3] == 0:
                    r, g, b, _ = pixdata[x, y]
                    if (r, g, b) != (0, 0, 0) and \
                       (r, g, b) != (255, 255, 255):
                        colored += 1
        return colored == 0

    def _squeeze_image(self,image):
        x,y,resize_needed = self._resolution_check(image.width,image.height)
        if resize_needed:
            return InitImageResizer(image).resize(x,y)
        return image


    def _fit_image(self,image,max_dimensions):
        w,h = max_dimensions
        print(
            f'>> image will be resized to fit inside a box {w}x{h} in size.'
        )
        if image.width > image.height:
            h   = None   # by setting h to none, we tell InitImageResizer to fit into the width and calculate height
        elif image.height > image.width:
            w   = None   # ditto for w
        else:
            pass
        image = InitImageResizer(image).resize(w,h)   # note that InitImageResizer does the multiple of 64 truncation internally
        print(
            f'>> after adjusting image dimensions to be multiples of 64, init image is {image.width}x{image.height}'
            )
        return image

    def _resolution_check(self, width, height, log=False):
        resize_needed = False
        w, h = map(
            lambda x: x - x % 64, (width, height)
        )  # resize to integer multiple of 64
        if h != height or w != width:
            if log:
                print(
                    f'>> Provided width and height must be multiples of 64. Auto-resizing to {w}x{h}'
                )
            height = h
            width  = w
            resize_needed = True

        if (width * height) > (self.width * self.height):
            print(">> This input is larger than your defaults. If you run out of memory, please use a smaller image.")

        return width, height, resize_needed


    def _has_cuda(self):
        return self.device.type == 'cuda'

    def _cached_sha256(self,path,data):
        dirname    = os.path.dirname(path)
        basename   = os.path.basename(path)
        base, _    = os.path.splitext(basename)
        hashpath   = os.path.join(dirname,base+'.sha256')
        if os.path.exists(hashpath) and os.path.getmtime(path) <= os.path.getmtime(hashpath):
            with open(hashpath) as f:
                hash = f.read()
            return hash
        print(f'>> Calculating sha256 hash of weights file')
        tic = time.time()
        sha = hashlib.sha256()
        sha.update(data)
        hash = sha.hexdigest()
        toc = time.time()
        print(f'>> sha256 = {hash}','(%4.2fs)' % (toc - tic))
        with open(hashpath,'w') as f:
            f.write(hash)
        return hash