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106 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Outpainting
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---
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# :octicons-paintbrush-16: Outpainting
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## Outpainting and outcropping
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Outpainting is a process by which the AI generates parts of the image
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that are outside its original frame. It can be used to fix up images
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in which the subject is off center, or when some detail (often the top
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of someone's head!) is cut off.
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InvokeAI supports two versions of outpainting, one called "outpaint"
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and the other "outcrop." They work slightly differently and each has
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its advantages and drawbacks.
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### Outcrop
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The `outcrop` extension allows you to extend the image in 64 pixel
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increments in any dimension. You can apply the module to any image
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previously-generated by InvokeAI. Note that it will **not** work with
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arbitrary photographs or Stable Diffusion images created by other
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implementations.
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Consider this image:
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<div align="center" markdown>
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</div>
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Pretty nice, but it's annoying that the top of her head is cut
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off. She's also a bit off center. Let's fix that!
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```bash
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invoke> !fix images/curly.png --outcrop top 64 right 64
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```
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This is saying to apply the `outcrop` extension by extending the top
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of the image by 64 pixels, and the right of the image by the same
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amount. You can use any combination of top|left|right|bottom, and
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specify any number of pixels to extend. You can also abbreviate
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`--outcrop` to `-c`.
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The result looks like this:
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<div align="center" markdown>
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</div>
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The new image is actually slightly larger than the original (576x576,
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because 64 pixels were added to the top and right sides.)
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A number of caveats:
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1. Although you can specify any pixel values, they will be rounded up
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to the nearest multiple of 64. Smaller values are better. Larger
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extensions are more likely to generate artefacts. However, if you wish
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you can run the !fix command repeatedly to cautiously expand the
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image.
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2. The extension is stochastic, meaning that each time you run it
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you'll get a slightly different result. You can run it repeatedly
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until you get an image you like. Unfortunately `!fix` does not
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currently respect the `-n` (`--iterations`) argument.
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## Outpaint
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The `outpaint` extension does the same thing, but with subtle
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differences. Starting with the same image, here is how we would add an
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additional 64 pixels to the top of the image:
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```bash
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invoke> !fix images/curly.png --out_direction top 64
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```
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(you can abbreviate `--out_direction` as `-D`.
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The result is shown here:
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<div align="center" markdown>
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</div>
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Although the effect is similar, there are significant differences from
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outcropping:
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- You can only specify one direction to extend at a time.
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- The image is **not** resized. Instead, the image is shifted by the specified
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number of pixels. If you look carefully, you'll see that less of the lady's
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torso is visible in the image.
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- Because the image dimensions remain the same, there's no rounding
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to multiples of 64.
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- Attempting to outpaint larger areas will frequently give rise to ugly
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ghosting effects.
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- For best results, try increasing the step number.
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- If you don't specify a pixel value in `-D`, it will default to half
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of the whole image, which is likely not what you want.
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!!! tip
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Neither `outpaint` nor `outcrop` are perfect, but we continue to tune
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and improve them. If one doesn't work, try the other. You may also
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wish to experiment with other `img2img` arguments, such as `-C`, `-f`
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and `-s`.
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