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106 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Outpainting
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---
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# :octicons-paintbrush-16: Outpainting
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## Outpainting and outcropping
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Outpainting is a process by which the AI generates parts of the image
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that are outside its original frame. It can be used to fix up images
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in which the subject is off center, or when some detail (often the top
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of someone's head!) is cut off.
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InvokeAI supports two versions of outpainting, one called "outpaint"
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and the other "outcrop." They work slightly differently and each has
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its advantages and drawbacks.
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### Outpainting
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Outpainting is the same as inpainting, except that the painting occurs
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in the regions outside of the original image. To outpaint using the
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`invoke.py` command line script, prepare an image in which the borders
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to be extended are pure black. Add an alpha channel (if there isn't one
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already), and make the borders completely transparent and the interior
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completely opaque. If you wish to modify the interior as well, you may
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create transparent holes in the transparency layer, which `img2img` will
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paint into as usual.
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Pass the image as the argument to the `-I` switch as you would for
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regular inpainting:
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invoke> a stream by a river -I /path/to/transparent_img.png
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You'll likely be delighted by the results.
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### Tips
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1. Do not try to expand the image too much at once. Generally it is best
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to expand the margins in 64-pixel increments. 128 pixels often works,
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but your mileage may vary depending on the nature of the image you are
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trying to outpaint into.
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2. There are a series of switches that can be used to adjust how the
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inpainting algorithm operates. In particular, you can use these to
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minimize the seam that sometimes appears between the original image
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and the extended part. These switches are:
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--seam_size SEAM_SIZE Size of the mask around the seam between original and outpainted image (0)
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--seam_blur SEAM_BLUR The amount to blur the seam inwards (0)
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--seam_strength STRENGTH The img2img strength to use when filling the seam (0.7)
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--seam_steps SEAM_STEPS The number of steps to use to fill the seam. (10)
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--tile_size TILE_SIZE The tile size to use for filling outpaint areas (32)
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### Outcrop
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The `outcrop` extension gives you a convenient `!fix` postprocessing
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command that allows you to extend a previously-generated image in 64
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pixel increments in any direction. You can apply the module to any
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image previously-generated by InvokeAI. Note that it works with
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arbitrary PNG photographs, but not currently with JPG or other
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formats. Outcropping is particularly effective when combined with the
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[runwayML custom inpainting
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model](INPAINTING.md#using-the-runwayml-inpainting-model).
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Consider this image:
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<div align="center" markdown>
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</div>
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Pretty nice, but it's annoying that the top of her head is cut
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off. She's also a bit off center. Let's fix that!
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```bash
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invoke> !fix images/curly.png --outcrop top 64 right 64
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```
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This is saying to apply the `outcrop` extension by extending the top
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of the image by 64 pixels, and the right of the image by the same
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amount. You can use any combination of top|left|right|bottom, and
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specify any number of pixels to extend. You can also abbreviate
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`--outcrop` to `-c`.
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The result looks like this:
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<div align="center" markdown>
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</div>
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The new image is actually slightly larger than the original (576x576,
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because 64 pixels were added to the top and right sides.)
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A number of caveats:
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1. Although you can specify any pixel values, they will be rounded up
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to the nearest multiple of 64. Smaller values are better. Larger
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extensions are more likely to generate artefacts. However, if you wish
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you can run the !fix command repeatedly to cautiously expand the
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image.
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2. The extension is stochastic, meaning that each time you run it
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you'll get a slightly different result. You can run it repeatedly
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until you get an image you like. Unfortunately `!fix` does not
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currently respect the `-n` (`--iterations`) argument.
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