Merge more models into one mesh than we did previously.

common/src/comp/agent.rs

@@ -43,10 +43,7 @@ impl Alignment {
 
     // TODO: Remove this hack
     pub fn is_friendly_to_players(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Alignment::Npc | Alignment::Tame | Alignment::Owned(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(self, Alignment::Npc | Alignment::Tame | Alignment::Owned(_))
     }
 }
 
@@ -129,19 +126,9 @@ pub enum Activity {
 }
 
 impl Activity {
-    pub fn is_follow(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Activity::Follow { .. } => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_follow(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, Activity::Follow { .. }) }
 
-    pub fn is_attack(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Activity::Attack { .. } => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_attack(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, Activity::Attack { .. }) }
 }
 
 impl Default for Activity {

common/src/comp/body.rs

@@ -201,12 +201,7 @@ impl<
 }
 
 impl Body {
-    pub fn is_humanoid(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Body::Humanoid(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_humanoid(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, Body::Humanoid(_)) }
 
     // Note: this might need to be refined to something more complex for realistic
     // behavior with less cylindrical bodies (e.g. wolfs)

common/src/comp/character_state.rs

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pub enum CharacterState {
 
 impl CharacterState {
     pub fn is_wield(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
+        matches!(self,
             CharacterState::Wielding
             | CharacterState::BasicMelee(_)
             | CharacterState::BasicRanged(_)
@@ -82,50 +82,37 @@ impl CharacterState {
             | CharacterState::BasicBlock
             | CharacterState::LeapMelee(_)
             | CharacterState::SpinMelee(_)
-            | CharacterState::ChargedRanged(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+            | CharacterState::ChargedRanged(_)
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn is_attack(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
+        matches!(self,
             CharacterState::BasicMelee(_)
             | CharacterState::BasicRanged(_)
             | CharacterState::DashMelee(_)
             | CharacterState::TripleStrike(_)
             | CharacterState::LeapMelee(_)
             | CharacterState::SpinMelee(_)
-            | CharacterState::ChargedRanged(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+            | CharacterState::ChargedRanged(_)
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn is_aimed(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
+        matches!(self,
             CharacterState::BasicMelee(_)
             | CharacterState::BasicRanged(_)
             | CharacterState::DashMelee(_)
             | CharacterState::TripleStrike(_)
             | CharacterState::BasicBlock
             | CharacterState::LeapMelee(_)
-            | CharacterState::ChargedRanged(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+            | CharacterState::ChargedRanged(_)
+        )
     }
 
-    pub fn is_block(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            CharacterState::BasicBlock => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_block(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, CharacterState::BasicBlock) }
 
-    pub fn is_dodge(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            CharacterState::Roll(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_dodge(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, CharacterState::Roll(_)) }
 
     /// Compares for shallow equality (does not check internal struct equality)
     pub fn same_variant(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {

common/src/figure/mat_cell.rs

@@ -25,10 +25,5 @@ pub enum MatCell {
 impl Vox for MatCell {
     fn empty() -> Self { MatCell::None }
 
-    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            MatCell::None => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, MatCell::None) }
 }

common/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #![feature(
     arbitrary_enum_discriminant,
     const_checked_int_methods,
-    const_if_match,
     option_unwrap_none,
     bool_to_option,
     label_break_value,

common/src/terrain/block.rs

@@ -201,12 +201,7 @@ impl BlockKind {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn is_fluid(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            BlockKind::Water => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_fluid(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, BlockKind::Water) }
 
     pub fn get_glow(&self) -> Option<u8> {
         // TODO: When we have proper volumetric lighting

common/src/terrain/map.rs

@@ -175,11 +175,7 @@ impl MapSizeLg {
                 map_size_lg.y + TERRAIN_CHUNK_BLOCKS_LG < 32;
             // Assertion on dimensions: product of dimensions must fit in a usize.
             let chunks_product_in_range =
-                if let Some(_) = 1usize.checked_shl(map_size_lg.x + map_size_lg.y) {
-                    true
-                } else {
-                    false
-                };
+                matches!(1usize.checked_shl(map_size_lg.x + map_size_lg.y), Some(_));
             if blocks_in_range && chunks_product_in_range {
                 // Cleared all invariants.
                 Ok(MapSizeLg(map_size_lg))

common/src/terrain/structure.rs

@@ -32,12 +32,7 @@ pub enum StructureBlock {
 impl Vox for StructureBlock {
     fn empty() -> Self { StructureBlock::None }
 
-    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            StructureBlock::None => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, StructureBlock::None) }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]

network/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #![deny(unsafe_code)]
 #![cfg_attr(test, deny(rust_2018_idioms))]
 #![cfg_attr(test, deny(warnings))]
-#![feature(try_trait, const_if_match)]
+#![feature(try_trait)]
 
 //! Crate to handle high level networking of messages with different
 //! requirements and priorities over a number of protocols

network/src/message.rs

@@ -99,43 +99,17 @@ pub(crate) fn partial_eq_io_error(first: &io::Error, second: &io::Error) -> bool
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn partial_eq_bincode(first: &bincode::ErrorKind, second: &bincode::ErrorKind) -> bool {
+    use bincode::ErrorKind::*;
     match *first {
-        bincode::ErrorKind::Io(ref f) => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::Io(ref s) => partial_eq_io_error(f, s),
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidUtf8Encoding(f) => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidUtf8Encoding(s) => f == s,
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidBoolEncoding(f) => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidBoolEncoding(s) => f == s,
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidCharEncoding => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidCharEncoding => true,
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidTagEncoding(f) => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::InvalidTagEncoding(s) => f == s,
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::DeserializeAnyNotSupported => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::DeserializeAnyNotSupported => true,
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::SizeLimit => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::SizeLimit => true,
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::SequenceMustHaveLength => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::SequenceMustHaveLength => true,
-            _ => false,
-        },
-        bincode::ErrorKind::Custom(ref f) => match *second {
-            bincode::ErrorKind::Custom(ref s) => f == s,
-            _ => false,
-        },
+        Io(ref f) => matches!(*second, Io(ref s) if partial_eq_io_error(f, s)),
+        InvalidUtf8Encoding(f) => matches!(*second, InvalidUtf8Encoding(s) if f == s),
+        InvalidBoolEncoding(f) => matches!(*second, InvalidBoolEncoding(s) if f == s),
+        InvalidCharEncoding => matches!(*second, InvalidCharEncoding),
+        InvalidTagEncoding(f) => matches!(*second, InvalidTagEncoding(s) if f == s),
+        DeserializeAnyNotSupported => matches!(*second, DeserializeAnyNotSupported),
+        SizeLimit => matches!(*second, SizeLimit),
+        SequenceMustHaveLength => matches!(*second, SequenceMustHaveLength),
+        Custom(ref f) => matches!(*second, Custom(ref s) if f == s),
     }
 }
 

rust-toolchain

@@ -1 +1 @@
-nightly-2020-06-22
+nightly-2020-08-14

server/src/client.rs

@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ impl Client {
     }
 
     pub fn is_registered(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.client_state {
-            ClientState::Registered | ClientState::Spectator | ClientState::Character => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(
+            self.client_state,
+            ClientState::Registered | ClientState::Spectator | ClientState::Character
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn is_ingame(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.client_state {
-            ClientState::Spectator | ClientState::Character => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(
+            self.client_state,
+            ClientState::Spectator | ClientState::Character
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn allow_state(&mut self, new_state: ClientState) {

server/src/events/entity_manipulation.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,15 @@ pub fn handle_damage(server: &Server, uid: Uid, change: HealthChange) {
 /// other players. If the entity that killed it had stats, then give it exp for
 /// the kill. Experience given is equal to the level of the entity that was
 /// killed times 10.
+// NOTE: Clippy incorrectly warns about a needless collect here because it does not
+// understand that the pet count (which is computed during the first iteration over the
+// members in range) is actually used by the second iteration over the members in range;
+// since we have no way of knowing the pet count before the first loop finishes, we
+// definitely need at least two loops.   Then (currently) our only options are to store
+// the member list in temporary space (e.g. by collecting to a vector), or to repeat
+// the loop; but repeating the loop would currently be very inefficient since it has to
+// rescan every entity on the server again.
+#[allow(clippy::needless_collect)]
 pub fn handle_destroy(server: &mut Server, entity: EcsEntity, cause: HealthSource) {
     let state = server.state_mut();
 

server/src/events/inventory_manip.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ pub fn snuff_lantern(storage: &mut WriteStorage<comp::LightEmitter>, entity: Ecs
 }
 
 #[allow(clippy::blocks_in_if_conditions)]
+#[allow(clippy::same_item_push)] // TODO: Pending review in #587
 pub fn handle_inventory(server: &mut Server, entity: EcsEntity, manip: comp::InventoryManip) {
     let state = server.state_mut();
     let mut dropped_items = Vec::new();
@@ -336,6 +337,7 @@ pub fn handle_inventory(server: &mut Server, entity: EcsEntity, manip: comp::Inv
                     .and_then(|ldt| slot::loadout_remove(slot, ldt)),
             };
 
+            // FIXME: We should really require the drop and write to be atomic!
             if let (Some(item), Some(pos)) =
                 (item, state.ecs().read_storage::<comp::Pos>().get(entity))
             {
@@ -362,6 +364,7 @@ pub fn handle_inventory(server: &mut Server, entity: EcsEntity, manip: comp::Inv
                 let recipe_book = default_recipe_book();
                 let craft_result = recipe_book.get(&recipe).and_then(|r| r.perform(inv).ok());
 
+                // FIXME: We should really require the drop and write to be atomic!
                 if craft_result.is_some() {
                     let _ = state.ecs().write_storage().insert(
                         entity,

server/src/state_ext.rs

@@ -214,7 +214,6 @@ impl StateExt for State {
         // Notify clients of a player list update
         let client_uid = self
             .read_component_cloned::<Uid>(entity)
-            .map(|u| u)
             .expect("Client doesn't have a Uid!!!");
 
         self.notify_registered_clients(ServerMsg::PlayerListUpdate(

server/src/sys/entity_sync.rs

@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ impl<'a> System<'a> for Sys {
                 .filter(|o| o.get_pos().and_then(&is_near).unwrap_or(true))
                 .cloned()
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            if outcomes.len() > 0 {
+            if !outcomes.is_empty() {
                 client.notify(ServerMsg::Outcomes(outcomes));
             }
         }

server/src/sys/message.rs

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ impl Sys {
                             });
 
                             // Give the player a welcome message
-                            if settings.server_description.len() > 0 {
+                            if !settings.server_description.is_empty() {
                                 client.notify(
                                     ChatType::CommandInfo
                                         .server_msg(settings.server_description.clone()),

voxygen/src/audio/mod.rs

@@ -46,19 +46,16 @@ pub struct AudioFrontend {
 
 impl AudioFrontend {
     /// Construct with given device
-    #[allow(clippy::redundant_clone)] // TODO: Pending review in #587
     pub fn new(device: String, max_sfx_channels: usize) -> Self {
-        let mut sfx_channels = Vec::with_capacity(max_sfx_channels);
         let audio_device = get_device_raw(&device);
 
+        let mut sfx_channels = Vec::with_capacity(max_sfx_channels);
         if let Some(audio_device) = &audio_device {
-            for _ in 0..max_sfx_channels {
-                sfx_channels.push(SfxChannel::new(&audio_device));
-            }
+            sfx_channels.resize_with(max_sfx_channels, || SfxChannel::new(&audio_device));
         }
 
         Self {
-            device: device.clone(),
+            device,
             device_list: list_devices(),
             audio_device,
             sound_cache: SoundCache::default(),

voxygen/src/audio/sfx/event_mapper/combat/mod.rs

@@ -172,11 +172,7 @@ impl CombatEventMapper {
     /// ::Equipping to mean the weapon is drawn. This will need updating if the
     /// animations change to match the wield_duration associated with the weapon
     fn weapon_drawn(character: &CharacterState) -> bool {
-        character.is_wield()
-            || match character {
-                CharacterState::Equipping { .. } => true,
-                _ => false,
-            }
+        character.is_wield() || matches!(character, CharacterState::Equipping { .. })
     }
 }
 

voxygen/src/hud/chat.rs

@@ -395,10 +395,7 @@ impl<'a> Widget for Chat<'a> {
             .widget_input(state.ids.chat_input)
             .presses()
             .key()
-            .any(|key_press| match key_press.key {
-                Key::Return if !state.input.is_empty() => true,
-                _ => false,
-            })
+            .any(|key_press| matches!(key_press.key, Key::Return if !state.input.is_empty()))
         {
             let msg = state.input.clone();
             state.update(|s| {

voxygen/src/hud/mod.rs

@@ -482,10 +482,7 @@ impl Show {
             || self.spell
             || self.help
             || self.intro
-            || match self.open_windows {
-                Windows::None => false,
-                _ => true,
-            }
+            || !matches!(self.open_windows, Windows::None)
         {
             self.bag = false;
             self.esc_menu = false;
@@ -2470,18 +2467,15 @@ impl Hud {
         // conrod eats tabs. Un-eat a tabstop so tab completion can work
         if self.ui.ui.global_input().events().any(|event| {
             use conrod_core::{event, input};
-            match event {
-                //event::Event::Raw(event::Input::Press(input::Button::Keyboard(input::Key::Tab)))
-                // => true,
+            matches!(event,
+                /* event::Event::Raw(event::Input::Press(input::Button::Keyboard(input::Key::Tab))) | */
                 event::Event::Ui(event::Ui::Press(
                     _,
                     event::Press {
                         button: event::Button::Keyboard(input::Key::Tab),
                         ..
                     },
-                )) => true,
-                _ => false,
-            }
+                )))
         }) {
             self.ui
                 .ui

voxygen/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![deny(unsafe_code)]
-#![allow(clippy::option_map_unit_fn)]
-#![feature(drain_filter, bool_to_option, or_patterns)]
+#![allow(clippy::option_map_unit_fn, incomplete_features)]
+#![feature(array_map, bool_to_option, const_generics, drain_filter, or_patterns)]
 #![recursion_limit = "2048"]
 
 #[macro_use]

voxygen/src/mesh/greedy.rs

@@ -161,22 +161,20 @@ impl<'a> GreedyMesh<'a> {
     pub fn push<M: PartialEq, D: 'a, FL, FC, FO, FS, FP>(
         &mut self,
         config: GreedyConfig<D, FL, FC, FO, FS, FP>,
-    ) -> Aabb<u16>
-    where
+    ) where
         FL: for<'r> FnMut(&'r mut D, Vec3<i32>) -> f32 + 'a,
         FC: for<'r> FnMut(&'r mut D, Vec3<i32>) -> Rgb<u8> + 'a,
         FO: for<'r> FnMut(&'r mut D, Vec3<i32>) -> bool + 'a,
         FS: for<'r> FnMut(&'r mut D, Vec3<i32>, Vec3<i32>, Vec2<Vec3<i32>>) -> Option<(bool, M)>,
         FP: FnMut(Vec2<u16>, Vec2<Vec2<u16>>, Vec3<f32>, Vec2<Vec3<f32>>, Vec3<f32>, &M),
     {
-        let (bounds, cont) = greedy_mesh(
+        let cont = greedy_mesh(
             &mut self.atlas,
             &mut self.col_lights_size,
             self.max_size,
             config,
         );
         self.suspended.push(cont);
-        bounds
     }
 
     /// Finalize the mesh, producing texture color data for the whole model.
@@ -219,7 +217,7 @@ fn greedy_mesh<'a, M: PartialEq, D: 'a, FL, FC, FO, FS, FP>(
         mut should_draw,
         mut push_quad,
     }: GreedyConfig<D, FL, FC, FO, FS, FP>,
-) -> (Aabb<u16>, Box<SuspendedMesh<'a>>)
+) -> Box<SuspendedMesh<'a>>
 where
     FL: for<'r> FnMut(&'r mut D, Vec3<i32>) -> f32 + 'a,
     FC: for<'r> FnMut(&'r mut D, Vec3<i32>) -> Rgb<u8> + 'a,
@@ -365,30 +363,23 @@ where
         },
     );
 
-    let bounds = Aabb {
-        min: Vec3::zero(),
-        // NOTE: Safe because greedy_size fit in u16.
-        max: greedy_size.map(|e| e as u16),
-    };
-    (
-        bounds,
-        Box::new(move |col_lights_info| {
-            let mut data = data;
-            draw_col_lights(
-                col_lights_info,
-                &mut data,
-                todo_rects,
-                draw_delta,
-                get_light,
-                get_color,
-                get_opacity,
-                TerrainVertex::make_col_light,
-            );
-        }),
-    )
+    Box::new(move |col_lights_info| {
+        let mut data = data;
+        draw_col_lights(
+            col_lights_info,
+            &mut data,
+            todo_rects,
+            draw_delta,
+            get_light,
+            get_color,
+            get_opacity,
+            TerrainVertex::make_col_light,
+        );
+    })
 }
 
-// Greedy meshing a single cross-section.
+/// Greedy meshing a single cross-section.
+// TODO: See if we can speed a lot of this up using SIMD.
 fn greedy_mesh_cross_section<M: PartialEq>(
     dims: Vec3<usize>,
     // Should we draw a face here (below this vertex)?  If so, provide its meta information.
@@ -524,9 +515,10 @@ fn add_to_atlas(
 /// We deferred actually recording the colors within the rectangles in order to
 /// generate a texture of minimal size; we now proceed to create and populate
 /// it.
-///
-/// TODO: Consider using the heavier interface (not the simple one) which seems
-/// to provide builtin support for what we're doing here.
+// TODO: Consider using the heavier interface (not the simple one) which seems
+// to provide builtin support for what we're doing here.
+//
+// TODO: See if we can speed this up using SIMD.
 fn draw_col_lights<D>(
     (col_lights, cur_size): &mut ColLightInfo,
     data: &mut D,
@@ -610,6 +602,7 @@ fn draw_col_lights<D>(
 
 /// Precondition: when this function is called, atlas_pos should reflect an
 /// actual valid position in a texture atlas (meaning it should fit into a u16).
+// TODO: See if we can speed a lot of this up using SIMD.
 fn create_quad_greedy<M>(
     origin: Vec3<usize>,
     dim: Vec2<usize>,

voxygen/src/mesh/segment.rs

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ use crate::{
         self, FigurePipeline, Mesh, ParticlePipeline, ShadowPipeline, SpritePipeline,
         TerrainPipeline,
     },
+    scene::math,
 };
 use common::{
     figure::Cell,
     vol::{BaseVol, ReadVol, SizedVol, Vox},
 };
+use core::ops::Range;
 use vek::*;
 
 type SpriteVertex = <SpritePipeline as render::Pipeline>::Vertex;
@@ -26,15 +28,31 @@ where
      * &'a V: BaseVol<Vox=Cell>, */
 {
     type Pipeline = TerrainPipeline;
-    type Result = Aabb<f32>;
+    /// NOTE: The result provides the (roughly) computed bounds for the model,
+    /// and the vertex range meshed for this model; we return this instead
+    /// of the full opaque mesh so we can avoid allocating a separate mesh
+    /// for each bone.
+    ///
+    /// Later, we can iterate through the bone array and correctly assign bone
+    /// ids to all vertices in range for each segment.
+    ///
+    /// FIXME: A refactor of the figure cache to not just return an array of
+    /// models (thus allowing us to knoe the bone index ahead of time) would
+    /// avoid needing per-bone information at all.
+    type Result = (math::Aabb<f32>, Range<usize>);
     type ShadowPipeline = ShadowPipeline;
-    type Supplement = (&'b mut GreedyMesh<'a>, Vec3<f32>, Vec3<f32>);
+    type Supplement = (
+        &'b mut GreedyMesh<'a>,
+        &'b mut Mesh<Self::Pipeline>,
+        Vec3<f32>,
+        Vec3<f32>,
+    );
     type TranslucentPipeline = FigurePipeline;
 
     #[allow(clippy::or_fun_call)] // TODO: Pending review in #587
     fn generate_mesh(
         self,
-        (greedy, offs, scale): Self::Supplement,
+        (greedy, opaque_mesh, offs, scale): Self::Supplement,
     ) -> MeshGen<FigurePipeline, &'b mut GreedyMesh<'a>, Self> {
         let max_size = greedy.max_size();
         // NOTE: Required because we steal two bits from the normal in the shadow uint
@@ -43,17 +61,21 @@ where
         // coordinate instead of 1 << 16.
         assert!(max_size.width.max(max_size.height) < 1 << 15);
 
-        let greedy_size = Vec3::new(
-            (self.upper_bound().x - self.lower_bound().x + 1) as usize,
-            (self.upper_bound().y - self.lower_bound().y + 1) as usize,
-            (self.upper_bound().z - self.lower_bound().z + 1) as usize,
+        let lower_bound = self.lower_bound();
+        let upper_bound = self.upper_bound();
+        assert!(
+            lower_bound.x <= upper_bound.x
+                && lower_bound.y <= upper_bound.y
+                && lower_bound.z <= upper_bound.z
         );
+        // NOTE: Figure sizes should be no more than 512 along each axis.
+        let greedy_size = upper_bound - lower_bound + 1;
+        assert!(greedy_size.x <= 512 && greedy_size.y <= 512 && greedy_size.z <= 512);
+        // NOTE: Cast to usize is safe because of previous check, since all values fit
+        // into u16 which is safe to cast to usize.
+        let greedy_size = greedy_size.as_::<usize>();
         let greedy_size_cross = greedy_size;
-        let draw_delta = Vec3::new(
-            self.lower_bound().x,
-            self.lower_bound().y,
-            self.lower_bound().z,
-        );
+        let draw_delta = lower_bound;
 
         let get_light = |vol: &mut V, pos: Vec3<i32>| {
             if vol.get(pos).map(|vox| vox.is_empty()).unwrap_or(true) {
@@ -79,8 +101,8 @@ where
             TerrainVertex::new_figure(atlas_pos, (pos + offs) * scale, norm, 0)
         };
 
-        let mut opaque_mesh = Mesh::new();
-        let bounds = greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
+        let start = opaque_mesh.vertices().len();
+        greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
             data: self,
             draw_delta,
             greedy_size,
@@ -101,14 +123,20 @@ where
                 ));
             },
         });
-        let bounds = bounds.map(f32::from);
-        let bounds = Aabb {
-            min: (bounds.min + offs) * scale,
-            max: (bounds.max + offs) * scale,
+        let bounds = math::Aabb {
+            // NOTE: Casts are safe since lower_bound and upper_bound both fit in a i16.
+            min: math::Vec3::from((lower_bound.as_::<f32>() + offs) * scale),
+            max: math::Vec3::from((upper_bound.as_::<f32>() + offs) * scale),
         }
         .made_valid();
+        let vertex_range = start..opaque_mesh.vertices().len();
 
-        (opaque_mesh, Mesh::new(), Mesh::new(), bounds)
+        (
+            Mesh::new(),
+            Mesh::new(),
+            Mesh::new(),
+            (bounds, vertex_range),
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -122,13 +150,13 @@ where
     type Pipeline = SpritePipeline;
     type Result = ();
     type ShadowPipeline = ShadowPipeline;
-    type Supplement = (&'b mut GreedyMesh<'a>, bool);
+    type Supplement = (&'b mut GreedyMesh<'a>, &'b mut Mesh<Self::Pipeline>, bool);
     type TranslucentPipeline = SpritePipeline;
 
     #[allow(clippy::or_fun_call)] // TODO: Pending review in #587
     fn generate_mesh(
         self,
-        (greedy, vertical_stripes): Self::Supplement,
+        (greedy, opaque_mesh, vertical_stripes): Self::Supplement,
     ) -> MeshGen<SpritePipeline, &'b mut GreedyMesh<'a>, Self> {
         let max_size = greedy.max_size();
         // NOTE: Required because we steal two bits from the normal in the shadow uint
@@ -137,22 +165,25 @@ where
         // coordinate instead of 1 << 16.
         assert!(max_size.width.max(max_size.height) < 1 << 16);
 
-        let greedy_size = Vec3::new(
-            (self.upper_bound().x - self.lower_bound().x + 1) as usize,
-            (self.upper_bound().y - self.lower_bound().y + 1) as usize,
-            (self.upper_bound().z - self.lower_bound().z + 1) as usize,
+        let lower_bound = self.lower_bound();
+        let upper_bound = self.upper_bound();
+        assert!(
+            lower_bound.x <= upper_bound.x
+                && lower_bound.y <= upper_bound.y
+                && lower_bound.z <= upper_bound.z
         );
+        let greedy_size = upper_bound - lower_bound + 1;
         assert!(
             greedy_size.x <= 16 && greedy_size.y <= 16 && greedy_size.z <= 64,
             "Sprite size out of bounds: {:?} ≤ (15, 15, 63)",
             greedy_size - 1
         );
+        // NOTE: Cast to usize is safe because of previous check, since all values fit
+        // into u16 which is safe to cast to usize.
+        let greedy_size = greedy_size.as_::<usize>();
+
         let greedy_size_cross = greedy_size;
-        let draw_delta = Vec3::new(
-            self.lower_bound().x,
-            self.lower_bound().y,
-            self.lower_bound().z,
-        );
+        let draw_delta = lower_bound;
 
         let get_light = |vol: &mut V, pos: Vec3<i32>| {
             if vol.get(pos).map(|vox| vox.is_empty()).unwrap_or(true) {
@@ -177,8 +208,7 @@ where
         let create_opaque =
             |atlas_pos, pos: Vec3<f32>, norm, _meta| SpriteVertex::new(atlas_pos, pos, norm);
 
-        let mut opaque_mesh = Mesh::new();
-        let _bounds = greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
+        greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
             data: self,
             draw_delta,
             greedy_size,
@@ -200,7 +230,7 @@ where
             },
         });
 
-        (opaque_mesh, Mesh::new(), Mesh::new(), ())
+        (Mesh::new(), Mesh::new(), Mesh::new(), ())
     }
 }
 
@@ -229,22 +259,25 @@ where
         // coordinate instead of 1 << 16.
         assert!(max_size.width.max(max_size.height) < 1 << 16);
 
-        let greedy_size = Vec3::new(
-            (self.upper_bound().x - self.lower_bound().x + 1) as usize,
-            (self.upper_bound().y - self.lower_bound().y + 1) as usize,
-            (self.upper_bound().z - self.lower_bound().z + 1) as usize,
+        let lower_bound = self.lower_bound();
+        let upper_bound = self.upper_bound();
+        assert!(
+            lower_bound.x <= upper_bound.x
+                && lower_bound.y <= upper_bound.y
+                && lower_bound.z <= upper_bound.z
         );
+        let greedy_size = upper_bound - lower_bound + 1;
         assert!(
             greedy_size.x <= 16 && greedy_size.y <= 16 && greedy_size.z <= 64,
-            "Sprite size out of bounds: {:?} ≤ (15, 15, 63)",
+            "Particle size out of bounds: {:?} ≤ (15, 15, 63)",
             greedy_size - 1
         );
+        // NOTE: Cast to usize is safe because of previous check, since all values fit
+        // into u16 which is safe to cast to usize.
+        let greedy_size = greedy_size.as_::<usize>();
+
         let greedy_size_cross = greedy_size;
-        let draw_delta = Vec3::new(
-            self.lower_bound().x,
-            self.lower_bound().y,
-            self.lower_bound().z,
-        );
+        let draw_delta = lower_bound;
 
         let get_light = |vol: &mut V, pos: Vec3<i32>| {
             if vol.get(pos).map(|vox| vox.is_empty()).unwrap_or(true) {
@@ -269,7 +302,7 @@ where
         let create_opaque = |_atlas_pos, pos: Vec3<f32>, norm| ParticleVertex::new(pos, norm);
 
         let mut opaque_mesh = Mesh::new();
-        let _bounds = greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
+        greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
             data: self,
             draw_delta,
             greedy_size,
@@ -304,7 +337,7 @@ fn should_draw_greedy(
     let from = flat_get(pos - delta);
     let to = flat_get(pos);
     let from_opaque = !from.is_empty();
-    if from_opaque == !to.is_empty() {
+    if from_opaque != to.is_empty() {
         None
     } else {
         // If going from transparent to opaque, backward facing; otherwise, forward
@@ -323,7 +356,7 @@ fn should_draw_greedy_ao(
     let from = flat_get(pos - delta);
     let to = flat_get(pos);
     let from_opaque = !from.is_empty();
-    if from_opaque == !to.is_empty() {
+    if from_opaque != to.is_empty() {
         None
     } else {
         let faces_forward = from_opaque;

voxygen/src/mesh/terrain.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use common::{
     terrain::{Block, BlockKind},
-    vol::{DefaultVolIterator, ReadVol, RectRasterableVol, Vox},
+    vol::{ReadVol, RectRasterableVol, Vox},
     volumes::vol_grid_2d::{CachedVolGrid2d, VolGrid2d},
 };
 use std::{collections::VecDeque, fmt::Debug};
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl Blendable for BlockKind {
 }
 
 const SUNLIGHT: u8 = 24;
-const MAX_LIGHT_DIST: i32 = SUNLIGHT as i32;
+const _MAX_LIGHT_DIST: i32 = SUNLIGHT as i32;
 
 fn calc_light<V: RectRasterableVol<Vox = Block> + ReadVol + Debug>(
     bounds: Aabb<i32>,
@@ -241,9 +241,10 @@ impl<'a, V: RectRasterableVol<Vox = Block> + ReadVol + Debug>
         (range, max_texture_size): Self::Supplement,
     ) -> MeshGen<TerrainPipeline, FluidPipeline, Self> {
         // Find blocks that should glow
-        let lit_blocks =
-            DefaultVolIterator::new(self, range.min - MAX_LIGHT_DIST, range.max + MAX_LIGHT_DIST)
-                .filter_map(|(pos, block)| block.get_glow().map(|glow| (pos, glow)));
+        // FIXME: Replace with real lit blocks when we actually have blocks that glow.
+        let lit_blocks = core::iter::empty();
+        /*  DefaultVolIterator::new(self, range.min - MAX_LIGHT_DIST, range.max + MAX_LIGHT_DIST)
+        .filter_map(|(pos, block)| block.get_glow().map(|glow| (pos, glow))); */
 
         // Calculate chunk lighting
         let mut light = calc_light(range, self, lit_blocks);
@@ -327,11 +328,18 @@ impl<'a, V: RectRasterableVol<Vox = Block> + ReadVol + Debug>
 
         let max_size =
             guillotiere::Size::new(i32::from(max_texture_size.x), i32::from(max_texture_size.y));
-        let greedy_size = Vec3::new(
-            (range.size().w - 2) as usize,
-            (range.size().h - 2) as usize,
-            (z_end - z_start + 1) as usize,
-        );
+        let greedy_size = Vec3::new(range.size().w - 2, range.size().h - 2, z_end - z_start + 1);
+        // NOTE: Terrain sizes are limited to 32 x 32 x 16384 (to fit in 24 bits: 5 + 5
+        // + 14). FIXME: Make this function fallible, since the terrain
+        // information might be dynamically generated which would make this hard
+        // to enforce.
+        assert!(greedy_size.x <= 32 && greedy_size.y <= 32 && greedy_size.z <= 16384);
+        // NOTE: Cast is safe by prior assertion on greedy_size; it fits into a u16,
+        // which always fits into a f32.
+        let max_bounds: Vec3<f32> = greedy_size.as_::<f32>();
+        // NOTE: Cast is safe by prior assertion on greedy_size; it fits into a u16,
+        // which always fits into a usize.
+        let greedy_size = greedy_size.as_::<usize>();
         let greedy_size_cross = Vec3::new(greedy_size.x - 1, greedy_size.y - 1, greedy_size.z);
         let draw_delta = Vec3::new(1, 1, z_start);
 
@@ -353,7 +361,7 @@ impl<'a, V: RectRasterableVol<Vox = Block> + ReadVol + Debug>
         let mut greedy = GreedyMesh::new(max_size);
         let mut opaque_mesh = Mesh::new();
         let mut fluid_mesh = Mesh::new();
-        let bounds = greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
+        greedy.push(GreedyConfig {
             data: (),
             draw_delta,
             greedy_size,
@@ -388,10 +396,11 @@ impl<'a, V: RectRasterableVol<Vox = Block> + ReadVol + Debug>
             },
         });
 
-        let bounds = bounds.map(f32::from);
+        let min_bounds = mesh_delta;
         let bounds = Aabb {
-            min: bounds.min + mesh_delta,
-            max: bounds.max + mesh_delta,
+            // NOTE: Casts are safe since lower_bound and upper_bound both fit in a i16.
+            min: min_bounds,
+            max: max_bounds + min_bounds,
         };
         let (col_lights, col_lights_size) = greedy.finalize();
 

voxygen/src/render/consts.rs

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ impl<T: Copy + gfx::traits::Pod> Consts<T> {
         vals: &[T],
         offset: usize,
     ) -> Result<(), RenderError> {
-        if vals.len() > 0 {
+        if vals.is_empty() {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
             encoder
                 .update_buffer(&self.buf, vals, offset)
                 .map_err(RenderError::UpdateError)
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
         }
     }
 }

voxygen/src/render/instances.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ impl<T: Copy + gfx::traits::Pod> Instances<T> {
     pub fn new(factory: &mut gfx_backend::Factory, len: usize) -> Result<Self, RenderError> {
         Ok(Self {
             ibuf: factory
-                .create_buffer(len, Role::Vertex, Usage::Dynamic, Bind::TRANSFER_DST)
+                .create_buffer(len, Role::Vertex, Usage::Dynamic, Bind::empty())
                 .map_err(RenderError::BufferCreationError)?,
         })
     }

voxygen/src/render/mesh.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::Pipeline;
-use std::iter::FromIterator;
+use core::{iter::FromIterator, ops::Range};
 
 /// A `Vec`-based mesh structure used to store mesh data on the CPU.
 pub struct Mesh<P: Pipeline> {
@@ -69,6 +69,11 @@ impl<P: Pipeline> Mesh<P> {
     }
 
     pub fn iter(&self) -> std::slice::Iter<P::Vertex> { self.verts.iter() }
+
+    /// NOTE: Panics if vertex_range is out of bounds of vertices.
+    pub fn iter_mut(&mut self, vertex_range: Range<usize>) -> std::slice::IterMut<P::Vertex> {
+        self.verts[vertex_range].iter_mut()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<P: Pipeline> IntoIterator for Mesh<P> {

voxygen/src/render/mod.rs

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ impl core::convert::TryFrom<ShadowMode> for ShadowMapMode {
 }
 
 impl ShadowMode {
-    pub fn is_map(&self) -> bool { if let Self::Map(_) = self { true } else { false } }
+    pub fn is_map(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, Self::Map(_)) }
 }
 
 /// Render modes

voxygen/src/render/model.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,15 @@ impl<P: Pipeline> Model<P> {
     }
 
     pub fn vertex_range(&self) -> Range<u32> { self.vertex_range.clone() }
+
+    /// Create a model with a slice of a portion of this model to send to the
+    /// renderer.
+    pub fn submodel(&self, vertex_range: Range<u32>) -> Model<P> {
+        Model {
+            vbuf: self.vbuf.clone(),
+            vertex_range,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Represents a mesh on the GPU which can be updated dynamically.
@@ -40,10 +49,10 @@ impl<P: Pipeline> DynamicModel<P> {
 
     /// Create a model with a slice of a portion of this model to send to the
     /// renderer.
-    pub fn submodel(&self, range: Range<usize>) -> Model<P> {
+    pub fn submodel(&self, vertex_range: Range<u32>) -> Model<P> {
         Model {
             vbuf: self.vbuf.clone(),
-            vertex_range: range.start as u32..range.end as u32,
+            vertex_range,
         }
     }
 

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/figure.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 use super::{
-    super::{
-        ColLightFmt, Mesh, Model, Pipeline, TerrainPipeline, Texture, TgtColorFmt,
-        TgtDepthStencilFmt,
-    },
+    super::{Mesh, Model, Pipeline, TerrainPipeline, TgtColorFmt, TgtDepthStencilFmt},
     shadow, Globals, Light, Shadow,
 };
 use crate::mesh::greedy::GreedyMesh;
+use core::ops::Range;
 use gfx::{
     self, gfx_constant_struct_meta, gfx_defines, gfx_impl_struct_meta, gfx_pipeline,
     gfx_pipeline_inner, gfx_vertex_struct_meta, state::ColorMask,
@@ -117,12 +115,9 @@ impl Pipeline for FigurePipeline {
 }
 
 pub struct FigureModel {
-    pub bounds: Aabb<f32>,
     pub opaque: Model<TerrainPipeline>,
-    // TODO: Consider using mipmaps instead of storing multiple texture atlases for different LOD
-    // levels.
-    pub col_lights: Texture<ColLightFmt>,
-    pub allocation: guillotiere::Allocation,
+    /* TODO: Consider using mipmaps instead of storing multiple texture atlases for different
+     * LOD levels. */
 }
 
 impl FigureModel {
@@ -137,7 +132,4 @@ impl FigureModel {
     }
 }
 
-pub type BoneMeshes = (
-    Mesh</* FigurePipeline */ TerrainPipeline>, /* , Mesh<ShadowPipeline> */
-    Aabb<f32>,
-);
+pub type BoneMeshes = (Mesh<TerrainPipeline>, (anim::vek::Aabb<f32>, Range<usize>));

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/shadow.rs

@@ -7,15 +7,11 @@ use super::{
 };
 use gfx::{
     self, gfx_constant_struct_meta, gfx_defines, gfx_impl_struct_meta, gfx_pipeline,
-    gfx_pipeline_inner, gfx_vertex_struct_meta,
+    gfx_pipeline_inner,
 };
 use vek::*;
 
 gfx_defines! {
-    vertex Vertex {
-        pos_norm: u32 = "v_pos_norm",
-    }
-
     constant Locals {
         shadow_matrices: [[f32; 4]; 4] = "shadowMatrices",
         texture_mats: [[f32; 4]; 4] = "texture_mat",
@@ -55,54 +51,6 @@ gfx_defines! {
     }
 }
 
-impl Vertex {
-    pub fn new(pos: Vec3<f32>, norm: Vec3<f32>, meta: bool) -> Self {
-        let norm_bits = if norm.x != 0.0 {
-            if norm.x < 0.0 { 0 } else { 1 }
-        } else if norm.y != 0.0 {
-            if norm.y < 0.0 { 2 } else { 3 }
-        } else if norm.z < 0.0 {
-            4
-        } else {
-            5
-        };
-
-        const EXTRA_NEG_Z: f32 = 32768.0;
-
-        Self {
-            pos_norm: 0
-                | ((pos.x as u32) & 0x003F) << 0
-                | ((pos.y as u32) & 0x003F) << 6
-                | (((pos + EXTRA_NEG_Z).z.max(0.0).min((1 << 16) as f32) as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 12
-                | if meta { 1 } else { 0 } << 28
-                | (norm_bits & 0x7) << 29,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new_figure(pos: Vec3<f32>, norm: Vec3<f32>, bone_idx: u8) -> Self {
-        let norm_bits = if norm.x.min(norm.y).min(norm.z) < 0.0 {
-            0
-        } else {
-            1
-        };
-        Self {
-            pos_norm: pos
-                .map2(Vec3::new(0, 9, 18), |e, shift| {
-                    (((e * 2.0 + 256.0) as u32) & 0x1FF) << shift
-                })
-                .reduce_bitor()
-                | (((bone_idx & 0xF) as u32) << 27)
-                | (norm_bits << 31),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn with_bone_idx(self, bone_idx: u8) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            pos_norm: (self.pos_norm & !(0xF << 27)) | ((bone_idx as u32 & 0xF) << 27),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Locals {
     pub fn new(shadow_mat: Mat4<f32>, texture_mat: Mat4<f32>) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -138,5 +86,5 @@ impl ShadowPipeline {
 }
 
 impl Pipeline for ShadowPipeline {
-    type Vertex = Vertex;
+    type Vertex = terrain::Vertex;
 }

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/sprite.rs

@@ -101,16 +101,13 @@ impl Vertex {
         };
 
         Self {
-            // pos_norm: 0
-            //     | ((pos.x as u32) & 0x003F) << 0
+            // pos_norm: ((pos.x as u32) & 0x003F)
             //     | ((pos.y as u32) & 0x003F) << 6
             //     | (((pos + EXTRA_NEG_Z).z.max(0.0).min((1 << 16) as f32) as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 12
             //     | if meta { 1 } else { 0 } << 28
             //     | (norm_bits & 0x7) << 29,
             pos: pos.into_array(),
-            atlas_pos: 0
-                | ((atlas_pos.x as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 0
-                | ((atlas_pos.y as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 16,
+            atlas_pos: ((atlas_pos.x as u32) & 0xFFFF) | ((atlas_pos.y as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 16,
             norm_ao: norm_bits,
         }
     }
@@ -122,8 +119,7 @@ impl Instance {
 
         let mat_arr = mat.into_col_arrays();
         Self {
-            pos_ori: 0
-                | ((pos.x as u32) & 0x003F) << 0
+            pos_ori: ((pos.x as u32) & 0x003F)
                 | ((pos.y as u32) & 0x003F) << 6
                 | (((pos + EXTRA_NEG_Z).z.max(0).min(1 << 16) as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 12
                 | (u32::from(ori_bits) & 0x7) << 29,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/terrain.rs

@@ -61,15 +61,12 @@ impl Vertex {
             5
         };
         Self {
-            pos_norm: 0
-                | ((pos.x as u32) & 0x003F) << 0
+            pos_norm: ((pos.x as u32) & 0x003F) << 0
                 | ((pos.y as u32) & 0x003F) << 6
                 | (((pos + EXTRA_NEG_Z).z.max(0.0).min((1 << 16) as f32) as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 12
                 | if meta { 1 } else { 0 } << 28
                 | (norm_bits & 0x7) << 29,
-            atlas_pos: 0
-                | ((atlas_pos.x as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 0
-                | ((atlas_pos.y as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 16,
+            atlas_pos: ((atlas_pos.x as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 0 | ((atlas_pos.y as u32) & 0xFFFF) << 16,
         }
     }
 
@@ -94,8 +91,7 @@ impl Vertex {
                 .reduce_bitor()
                 | (((bone_idx & 0xF) as u32) << 27)
                 | (norm_bits << 31),
-            atlas_pos: 0
-                | ((atlas_pos.x as u32) & 0x7FFF) << 2
+            atlas_pos: ((atlas_pos.x as u32) & 0x7FFF) << 2
                 | ((atlas_pos.y as u32) & 0x7FFF) << 17
                 | axis_bits & 3,
         }
@@ -109,11 +105,9 @@ impl Vertex {
         [col.r, col.g, col.b, light]
     }
 
-    pub fn with_bone_idx(self, bone_idx: u8) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            pos_norm: (self.pos_norm & !(0xF << 27)) | ((bone_idx as u32 & 0xF) << 27),
-            ..self
-        }
+    /// Set the bone_idx for an existing figure vertex.
+    pub fn set_bone_idx(&mut self, bone_idx: u8) {
+        self.pos_norm = (self.pos_norm & !(0xF << 27)) | ((bone_idx as u32 & 0xF) << 27);
     }
 }
 

voxygen/src/render/renderer.rs

@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ impl Renderer {
     pub fn render_figure(
         &mut self,
         model: &figure::FigureModel,
-        _col_lights: &Texture<ColLightFmt>,
+        col_lights: &Texture<ColLightFmt>,
         global: &GlobalModel,
         locals: &Consts<figure::Locals>,
         bones: &Consts<figure::BoneData>,
@@ -1026,7 +1026,6 @@ impl Renderer {
                     (self.noise_tex.srv.clone(), self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),
                 )
             };
-        let col_lights = &model.col_lights;
         let model = &model.opaque;
 
         self.encoder.draw(
@@ -1087,10 +1086,7 @@ impl Renderer {
                     (self.noise_tex.srv.clone(), self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),
                 )
             };
-        let col_lights = &model.col_lights;
         let model = &model.opaque;
-        // let atlas_model = &model.opaque;
-        // let model = &model.shadow;
 
         self.encoder.draw(
             &gfx::Slice {
@@ -1103,9 +1099,7 @@ impl Renderer {
             &self.player_shadow_pipeline.pso,
             &figure::pipe::Data {
                 vbuf: model.vbuf.clone(),
-                // abuf: atlas_model.vbuf.clone(),
                 col_lights: (col_lights.srv.clone(), col_lights.sampler.clone()),
-                // col_lights: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(), lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),
                 locals: locals.buf.clone(),
                 globals: global.globals.buf.clone(),
                 bones: bones.buf.clone(),
@@ -1127,7 +1121,7 @@ impl Renderer {
     pub fn render_player(
         &mut self,
         model: &figure::FigureModel,
-        _col_lights: &Texture<ColLightFmt>,
+        col_lights: &Texture<ColLightFmt>,
         global: &GlobalModel,
         locals: &Consts<figure::Locals>,
         bones: &Consts<figure::BoneData>,
@@ -1151,7 +1145,6 @@ impl Renderer {
                     (self.noise_tex.srv.clone(), self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),
                 )
             };
-        let col_lights = &model.col_lights;
         let model = &model.opaque;
 
         self.encoder.draw(
@@ -1476,6 +1469,10 @@ impl Renderer {
                 ibuf: instances.ibuf.clone(),
                 col_lights: (col_lights.srv.clone(), col_lights.sampler.clone()),
                 terrain_locals: terrain_locals.buf.clone(),
+                // NOTE: It would be nice if this wasn't needed and we could use a constant buffer
+                // offset into the sprite data.  Hopefully, when we switch to wgpu we can do this,
+                // as it offers the exact API we want (the equivalent can be done in OpenGL using
+                // glBindBufferOffset).
                 locals: locals.buf.clone(),
                 globals: global.globals.buf.clone(),
                 lights: global.lights.buf.clone(),
@@ -1581,7 +1578,7 @@ impl Renderer {
     /// Queue the rendering of the provided UI element in the upcoming frame.
     pub fn render_ui_element<F: gfx::format::Formatted<View = [f32; 4]>>(
         &mut self,
-        model: &Model<ui::UiPipeline>,
+        model: Model<ui::UiPipeline>,
         tex: &Texture<F>,
         scissor: Aabr<u16>,
         globals: &Consts<Globals>,
@@ -1594,15 +1591,15 @@ impl Renderer {
         let Aabr { min, max } = scissor;
         self.encoder.draw(
             &gfx::Slice {
-                start: model.vertex_range().start,
-                end: model.vertex_range().end,
+                start: model.vertex_range.start,
+                end: model.vertex_range.end,
                 base_vertex: 0,
                 instances: None,
                 buffer: gfx::IndexBuffer::Auto,
             },
             &self.ui_pipeline.pso,
             &ui::pipe::Data {
-                vbuf: model.vbuf.clone(),
+                vbuf: model.vbuf,
                 scissor: gfx::Rect {
                     x: min.x,
                     y: min.y,

voxygen/src/scene/figure/cache.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use super::load::*;
+use super::{load::*, FigureModelEntry};
 use crate::{
     mesh::{greedy::GreedyMesh, Meshable},
-    render::{BoneMeshes, FigureModel, FigurePipeline, Mesh, Renderer},
+    render::{BoneMeshes, FigureModel, FigurePipeline, Mesh, Renderer, TerrainPipeline},
     scene::camera::CameraMode,
 };
 use anim::Skeleton;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use core::convert::TryInto;
 use hashbrown::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap};
 use vek::*;
 
-pub type FigureModelEntry = [FigureModel; 3];
+pub type FigureModelEntryLod = FigureModelEntry<3>;
 
 #[derive(Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
 struct FigureKey {
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ pub struct FigureModelCache<Skel = anim::character::CharacterSkeleton>
 where
     Skel: Skeleton,
 {
-    models: HashMap<FigureKey, ((FigureModelEntry, Skel::Attr), u64)>,
+    models: HashMap<FigureKey, ((FigureModelEntryLod, Skel::Attr), u64)>,
     manifest_indicator: ReloadIndicator,
 }
 
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ impl<Skel: Skeleton> FigureModelCache<Skel> {
         tick: u64,
         camera_mode: CameraMode,
         character_state: Option<&CharacterState>,
-    ) -> &(FigureModelEntry, Skel::Attr)
+    ) -> &(FigureModelEntryLod, Skel::Attr)
     where
         for<'a> &'a common::comp::Body: std::convert::TryInto<Skel::Attr>,
         Skel::Attr: Default,
@@ -1011,78 +1011,137 @@ impl<Skel: Skeleton> FigureModelCache<Skel> {
                         .unwrap_or_else(<Skel::Attr as Default>::default);
 
                     let manifest_indicator = &mut self.manifest_indicator;
-                    let mut make_model =
-                        |generate_mesh: for<'a> fn(&mut GreedyMesh<'a>, _, _) -> _| {
-                            let mut greedy = FigureModel::make_greedy();
-                            let mut opaque = Mesh::new();
-                            let mut figure_bounds = Aabb {
-                                min: Vec3::zero(),
-                                max: Vec3::zero(),
-                            };
+                    let mut greedy = FigureModel::make_greedy();
+                    let mut opaque = Mesh::<TerrainPipeline>::new();
+                    // Choose the most conservative bounds for any LOD model.
+                    let mut figure_bounds = anim::vek::Aabb {
+                        min: anim::vek::Vec3::zero(),
+                        max: anim::vek::Vec3::zero(),
+                    };
+                    // Meshes all bone models for this figure using the given mesh generation
+                    // function, attaching it to the current greedy mesher and opaque vertex
+                    // list.  Returns the vertex bounds of the meshed model within the opaque
+                    // mesh.
+                    let mut make_model = |generate_mesh: for<'a, 'b> fn(
+                        &mut GreedyMesh<'a>,
+                        &'b mut _,
+                        _,
+                        _,
+                    )
+                        -> _| {
+                        let vertex_start = opaque.vertices().len();
+                        let meshes =
                             Self::bone_meshes(key, manifest_indicator, |segment, offset| {
-                                generate_mesh(&mut greedy, segment, offset)
-                            })
+                                generate_mesh(&mut greedy, &mut opaque, segment, offset)
+                            });
+                        meshes
                             .iter()
                             .enumerate()
-                            .filter_map(|(i, bm)| bm.as_ref().map(|bm| (i, bm)))
-                            .for_each(|(i, (opaque_mesh, bounds))| {
+                            // NOTE: Cast to u8 is safe because i <= 16.
+                            .filter_map(|(i, bm)| bm.as_ref().map(|bm| (i as u8, bm.clone())))
+                            .for_each(|(i, (_opaque_mesh, (bounds, vertex_range)))| {
+                                // Update the bone index for all vertices that belong ot this
+                                // model.
                                 opaque
-                                    .push_mesh_map(opaque_mesh, |vert| vert.with_bone_idx(i as u8));
-                                figure_bounds.expand_to_contain(*bounds);
+                                    .iter_mut(vertex_range)
+                                    .for_each(|vert| {
+                                        vert.set_bone_idx(i);
+                                    });
+
+                                // Update the figure bounds to the largest granularity seen so far
+                                // (NOTE: this is more than a little imeprfect).
+                                //
+                                // FIXME: Maybe use the default bone position in the idle animation
+                                // to figure this out instead?
+                                figure_bounds.expand_to_contain(bounds);
                             });
-                            col_lights
-                                .create_figure(renderer, greedy, (opaque, figure_bounds))
-                                .unwrap()
-                        };
+                        // NOTE: vertex_start and vertex_end *should* fit in a u32, by the
+                        // following logic:
+                        //
+                        // Our new figure maximum is constrained to at most 2^8 × 2^8 × 2^8.
+                        // This uses at most 24 bits to store every vertex exactly once.
+                        // Greedy meshing can store each vertex in up to 3 quads, we have 3
+                        // greedy models, and we store 1.5x the vertex count, so the maximum
+                        // total space a model can take up is 3 * 3 * 1.5 * 2^24; rounding
+                        // up to 4 * 4 * 2^24 gets us to 2^28, which clearly still fits in a
+                        // u32.
+                        //
+                        // (We could also, though we prefer not to, reason backwards from the
+                        // maximum figure texture size of 2^15 × 2^15, also fits in a u32; we
+                        // can also see that, since we can have at most one texture entry per
+                        // vertex, any texture atlas of size 2^14 × 2^14 or higher should be
+                        // able to store data for any figure.  So the only reason we would fail
+                        // here would be if the user's computer could not store a texture large
+                        // enough to fit all the LOD models for the figure, not for fundamental
+                        // reasonS related to fitting in a u32).
+                        //
+                        // Therefore, these casts are safe.
+                        vertex_start as u32..opaque.vertices().len() as u32
+                    };
 
                     fn generate_mesh<'a>(
                         greedy: &mut GreedyMesh<'a>,
+                        opaque_mesh: &mut Mesh<TerrainPipeline>,
                         segment: Segment,
                         offset: Vec3<f32>,
                     ) -> BoneMeshes {
                         let (opaque, _, _, bounds) =
                             Meshable::<FigurePipeline, &mut GreedyMesh>::generate_mesh(
                                 segment,
-                                (greedy, offset, Vec3::one()),
+                                (greedy, opaque_mesh, offset, Vec3::one()),
                             );
                         (opaque, bounds)
                     }
 
                     fn generate_mesh_lod_mid<'a>(
                         greedy: &mut GreedyMesh<'a>,
+                        opaque_mesh: &mut Mesh<TerrainPipeline>,
                         segment: Segment,
                         offset: Vec3<f32>,
                     ) -> BoneMeshes {
-                        let lod_scale = Vec3::broadcast(0.6);
+                        let lod_scale = 0.6;
                         let (opaque, _, _, bounds) =
                             Meshable::<FigurePipeline, &mut GreedyMesh>::generate_mesh(
-                                segment.scaled_by(lod_scale),
-                                (greedy, offset * lod_scale, Vec3::one() / lod_scale),
+                                segment.scaled_by(Vec3::broadcast(lod_scale)),
+                                (
+                                    greedy,
+                                    opaque_mesh,
+                                    offset * lod_scale,
+                                    Vec3::one() / lod_scale,
+                                ),
                             );
                         (opaque, bounds)
                     }
 
                     fn generate_mesh_lod_low<'a>(
                         greedy: &mut GreedyMesh<'a>,
+                        opaque_mesh: &mut Mesh<TerrainPipeline>,
                         segment: Segment,
                         offset: Vec3<f32>,
                     ) -> BoneMeshes {
-                        let lod_scale = Vec3::broadcast(0.3);
-                        let segment = segment.scaled_by(lod_scale);
+                        let lod_scale = 0.3;
                         let (opaque, _, _, bounds) =
                             Meshable::<FigurePipeline, &mut GreedyMesh>::generate_mesh(
-                                segment,
-                                (greedy, offset * lod_scale, Vec3::one() / lod_scale),
+                                segment.scaled_by(Vec3::broadcast(lod_scale)),
+                                (
+                                    greedy,
+                                    opaque_mesh,
+                                    offset * lod_scale,
+                                    Vec3::one() / lod_scale,
+                                ),
                             );
                         (opaque, bounds)
                     }
 
+                    let models = [
+                        make_model(generate_mesh),
+                        make_model(generate_mesh_lod_mid),
+                        make_model(generate_mesh_lod_low),
+                    ];
                     (
-                        [
-                            make_model(generate_mesh),
-                            make_model(generate_mesh_lod_mid),
-                            make_model(generate_mesh_lod_low),
-                        ],
+                        col_lights
+                            .create_figure(renderer, greedy, (opaque, figure_bounds), models)
+                            .expect("Failed to upload figure data to the GPU!"),
                         skeleton_attr,
                     )
                 };
@@ -1100,14 +1159,12 @@ impl<Skel: Skeleton> FigureModelCache<Skel> {
         }
         // TODO: Don't hard-code this.
         if tick % 60 == 0 {
-            self.models.retain(|_, ((models, _), last_used)| {
+            self.models.retain(|_, ((model_entry, _), last_used)| {
                 // Wait about a minute at 60 fps before invalidating old models.
                 let delta = 60 * 60;
                 let alive = *last_used + delta > tick;
                 if !alive {
-                    models.iter().for_each(|model| {
-                        col_lights.atlas.deallocate(model.allocation.id);
-                    });
+                    col_lights.atlas.deallocate(model_entry.allocation.id);
                 }
                 alive
             });

voxygen/src/scene/figure/load.rs

@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ impl HumMainWeaponSpec {
         let tool_kind = if let Some(kind) = tool_kind {
             kind
         } else {
-            return (Mesh::new(), Aabb::default());
+            return (Mesh::new(), (anim::vek::Aabb::default(), 0..0));
         };
 
         let spec = match self.0.get(tool_kind) {

voxygen/src/scene/figure/mod.rs

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use crate::{
     ecs::comp::Interpolated,
     mesh::greedy::GreedyMesh,
     render::{
-        BoneMeshes, ColLightFmt, Consts, FigureBoneData, FigureLocals, FigureModel, GlobalModel,
-        RenderError, Renderer, ShadowPipeline, Texture,
+        ColLightFmt, Consts, FigureBoneData, FigureLocals, FigureModel, GlobalModel, Mesh,
+        RenderError, Renderer, ShadowPipeline, TerrainPipeline, Texture,
     },
     scene::{
         camera::{Camera, CameraMode, Dependents},
@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ use common::{
 };
 use core::{
     borrow::Borrow,
+    convert::TryFrom,
     hash::Hash,
-    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
+    ops::{Deref, DerefMut, Range},
 };
 use guillotiere::AtlasAllocator;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
@@ -51,6 +52,33 @@ const MOVING_THRESHOLD_SQR: f32 = MOVING_THRESHOLD * MOVING_THRESHOLD;
 /// camera data, fiigure LOD render distance.
 pub type CameraData<'a> = (&'a Camera, f32);
 
+/// Enough data to render a figure model.
+pub type FigureModelRef<'a> = (
+    &'a Consts<FigureLocals>,
+    &'a Consts<FigureBoneData>,
+    &'a FigureModel,
+    &'a Texture<ColLightFmt>,
+);
+
+/// An entry holding enough information to draw or destroy a figure in a
+/// particular cache.
+pub struct FigureModelEntry<const N: usize> {
+    /// The estimated bounds of this figure, in voxels.  This may not be very
+    /// useful yet.
+    _bounds: math::Aabb<f32>,
+    /// Hypothetical texture atlas allocation data for the current figure.
+    /// Will be useful if we decide to use a packed texture atlas for figures
+    /// like we do for terrain.
+    allocation: guillotiere::Allocation,
+    /// Texture used to store color/light information for this figure entry.
+    /* TODO: Consider using mipmaps instead of storing multiple texture atlases for different
+     * LOD levels. */
+    col_lights: Texture<ColLightFmt>,
+    /// Models stored in this figure entry; there may be several for one figure,
+    /// because of LOD models.
+    pub models: [FigureModel; N],
+}
+
 struct FigureMgrStates {
     character_states: HashMap<EcsEntity, FigureState<CharacterSkeleton>>,
     quadruped_small_states: HashMap<EcsEntity, FigureState<QuadrupedSmallSkeleton>>,
@@ -1018,7 +1046,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1119,7 +1147,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1220,7 +1248,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1319,7 +1347,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1415,7 +1443,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1500,7 +1528,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1581,7 +1609,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1663,7 +1691,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1748,7 +1776,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1833,7 +1861,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -1929,7 +1957,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -2011,7 +2039,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         in_frustum,
                         is_player,
@@ -2043,7 +2071,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                         col,
                         dt,
                         state_animation_rate,
-                        &model[0],
+                        &model,
                         lpindex,
                         true,
                         is_player,
@@ -2159,14 +2187,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                     figure_lod_render_distance,
                     |state| state.visible(),
                 ) {
-                    renderer.render_figure(
-                        model,
-                        &col_lights.col_lights,
-                        global,
-                        locals,
-                        bone_consts,
-                        lod,
-                    );
+                    renderer.render_figure(model, &col_lights, global, locals, bone_consts, lod);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2215,17 +2236,10 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                 figure_lod_render_distance,
                 |state| state.visible(),
             ) {
-                renderer.render_player(
-                    model,
-                    &col_lights.col_lights,
-                    global,
-                    locals,
-                    bone_consts,
-                    lod,
-                );
+                renderer.render_player(model, &col_lights, global, locals, bone_consts, lod);
                 renderer.render_player_shadow(
                     model,
-                    &col_lights.col_lights,
+                    &col_lights,
                     global,
                     bone_consts,
                     lod,
@@ -2246,16 +2260,10 @@ impl FigureMgr {
         body: &Body,
         loadout: Option<&Loadout>,
         is_player: bool,
-        // is_shadow: bool,
         pos: vek::Vec3<f32>,
         figure_lod_render_distance: f32,
         filter_state: impl Fn(&FigureStateMeta) -> bool,
-    ) -> Option<(
-        &Consts<FigureLocals>,
-        &Consts<FigureBoneData>,
-        &FigureModel,
-        &FigureColLights,
-    )> {
+    ) -> Option<FigureModelRef> {
         let player_camera_mode = if is_player {
             camera.get_mode()
         } else {
@@ -2297,7 +2305,7 @@ impl FigureMgr {
                 },
         } = self;
         let col_lights = &mut *col_lights_;
-        if let Some((locals, bone_consts, model)) = match body {
+        if let Some((locals, bone_consts, model_entry)) = match body {
             Body::Humanoid(_) => character_states
                 .get(&entity)
                 .filter(|state| filter_state(&*state))
@@ -2563,14 +2571,14 @@ impl FigureMgr {
             let figure_mid_detail_distance = figure_lod_render_distance * 0.5;
 
             let model = if pos.distance_squared(cam_pos) > figure_low_detail_distance.powf(2.0) {
-                &model[2]
+                &model_entry.models[2]
             } else if pos.distance_squared(cam_pos) > figure_mid_detail_distance.powf(2.0) {
-                &model[1]
+                &model_entry.models[1]
             } else {
-                &model[0]
+                &model_entry.models[0]
             };
 
-            Some((locals, bone_consts, model, &*col_lights_))
+            Some((locals, bone_consts, model, col_lights_.texture(model_entry)))
         } else {
             // trace!("Body has no saved figure");
             None
@@ -2584,24 +2592,39 @@ impl FigureMgr {
 
 pub struct FigureColLights {
     atlas: AtlasAllocator,
-    col_lights: Texture<ColLightFmt>,
+    // col_lights: Texture<ColLightFmt>,
 }
 
 impl FigureColLights {
     pub fn new(renderer: &mut Renderer) -> Self {
-        let (atlas, col_lights) =
-            Self::make_atlas(renderer).expect("Failed to create texture atlas for figures");
-        Self { atlas, col_lights }
+        let atlas = Self::make_atlas(renderer).expect("Failed to create texture atlas for figures");
+        Self {
+            atlas, /* col_lights, */
+        }
     }
 
-    pub fn texture(&self) -> &Texture<ColLightFmt> { &self.col_lights }
+    /// Find the correct texture for this model entry.
+    pub fn texture<'a, const N: usize>(
+        &'a self,
+        model: &'a FigureModelEntry<N>,
+    ) -> &'a Texture<ColLightFmt> {
+        /* &self.col_lights */
+        &model.col_lights
+    }
 
-    pub fn create_figure<'a>(
+    /// NOTE: Panics if the opaque model's length does not fit in a u32.
+    /// This is parto f the function contract.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: Panics if the vertex range bounds are not in range of the opaque
+    /// model stored in the BoneMeshes parameter.  This is part of the
+    /// function contract.
+    pub fn create_figure<'a, const N: usize>(
         &mut self,
         renderer: &mut Renderer,
         greedy: GreedyMesh<'a>,
-        (opaque, bounds): BoneMeshes,
-    ) -> Result<FigureModel, RenderError> {
+        (opaque, bounds): (Mesh<TerrainPipeline>, math::Aabb<f32>),
+        vertex_range: [Range<u32>; N],
+    ) -> Result<FigureModelEntry<N>, RenderError> {
         let (tex, tex_size) = greedy.finalize();
         let atlas = &mut self.atlas;
         let allocation = atlas
@@ -2609,21 +2632,32 @@ impl FigureColLights {
                 i32::from(tex_size.x),
                 i32::from(tex_size.y),
             ))
-            .expect("Not yet implemented: allocate new atlas on allocation faillure.");
+            .expect("Not yet implemented: allocate new atlas on allocation failure.");
         let col_lights = ShadowPipeline::create_col_lights(renderer, (tex, tex_size))?;
+        let model_len = u32::try_from(opaque.vertices().len())
+            .expect("The model size for this figure does not fit in a u32!");
+        let model = renderer.create_model(&opaque)?;
 
-        Ok(FigureModel {
-            bounds,
-            opaque: renderer.create_model(&opaque)?,
-            // shadow: renderer.create_model(&shadow)?,
+        Ok(FigureModelEntry {
+            _bounds: bounds,
+            models: vertex_range.map(|range| {
+                assert!(
+                    range.start <= range.end && range.end <= model_len,
+                    "The provided vertex range for figure mesh {:?} does not fit in the model, \
+                     which is of size {:?}!",
+                    range,
+                    model_len
+                );
+                FigureModel {
+                    opaque: model.submodel(range),
+                }
+            }),
             col_lights,
             allocation,
         })
     }
 
-    fn make_atlas(
-        renderer: &mut Renderer,
-    ) -> Result<(AtlasAllocator, Texture<ColLightFmt>), RenderError> {
+    fn make_atlas(renderer: &mut Renderer) -> Result<AtlasAllocator, RenderError> {
         let max_texture_size = renderer.max_texture_size();
         let atlas_size =
             guillotiere::Size::new(i32::from(max_texture_size), i32::from(max_texture_size));
@@ -2633,7 +2667,11 @@ impl FigureColLights {
             large_size_threshold: 256,
             ..guillotiere::AllocatorOptions::default()
         });
-        let texture = renderer.create_texture_raw(
+        // TODO: Consider using a single texture atlas to store all figures, much like
+        // we do for terrain chunks.  We previoosly avoided this due to
+        // perceived performance degradation for the figure use case, but with a
+        // smaller atlas size this may be less likely.
+        /* let texture = renderer.create_texture_raw(
             gfx::texture::Kind::D2(
                 max_texture_size,
                 max_texture_size,
@@ -2649,7 +2687,8 @@ impl FigureColLights {
                 gfx::texture::WrapMode::Clamp,
             ),
         )?;
-        Ok((atlas, texture))
+        Ok((atlas, texture)) */
+        Ok(atlas)
     }
 }
 
@@ -2714,7 +2753,7 @@ impl<S: Skeleton> FigureState<S> {
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] // TODO: Pending review in #587
-    pub fn update(
+    pub fn update<const N: usize>(
         &mut self,
         renderer: &mut Renderer,
         pos: anim::vek::Vec3<f32>,
@@ -2723,7 +2762,7 @@ impl<S: Skeleton> FigureState<S> {
         col: vek::Rgba<f32>,
         dt: f32,
         state_animation_rate: f32,
-        model: &FigureModel,
+        model: &FigureModelEntry<N>,
         _lpindex: u8,
         _visible: bool,
         is_player: bool,
@@ -2736,8 +2775,8 @@ impl<S: Skeleton> FigureState<S> {
         // largest dimension (if we were exact, it should just be half the largest
         // dimension, but we're not, so we double it and use size() instead of
         // half_size()).
-        let radius = model.bounds.half_size().reduce_partial_max();
-        let _bounds = BoundingSphere::new(pos.into_array(), scale * 0.8 * radius);
+        /* let radius = vek::Extent3::<f32>::from(model.bounds.half_size()).reduce_partial_max();
+        let _bounds = BoundingSphere::new(pos.into_array(), scale * 0.8 * radius); */
 
         self.last_ori = vek::Lerp::lerp(self.last_ori, ori, 15.0 * dt);
 

voxygen/src/scene/lod.rs

@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ fn create_lod_terrain_mesh(detail: u32) -> Mesh<LodTerrainPipeline> {
             let transform = |x| (2.0 * x as f32) / detail as f32 - 1.0;
 
             Quad::new(
-                Vertex::new(Vec2::new(x + 0, y + 0).map(transform)),
-                Vertex::new(Vec2::new(x + 1, y + 0).map(transform)),
+                Vertex::new(Vec2::new(x, y).map(transform)),
+                Vertex::new(Vec2::new(x + 1, y).map(transform)),
                 Vertex::new(Vec2::new(x + 1, y + 1).map(transform)),
-                Vertex::new(Vec2::new(x + 0, y + 1).map(transform)),
+                Vertex::new(Vec2::new(x, y + 1).map(transform)),
             )
             .rotated_by(if (x > detail as i32 / 2) ^ (y > detail as i32 / 2) {
                 0

voxygen/src/scene/mod.rs

@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ impl Scene {
         let camera_data = (&self.camera, scene_data.figure_lod_render_distance);
 
         // would instead have this as an extension.
-        if renderer.render_mode().shadow.is_map() && (is_daylight || light_data.1.len() > 0) {
+        if renderer.render_mode().shadow.is_map() && (is_daylight || !light_data.1.is_empty()) {
             if is_daylight {
                 // Set up shadow mapping.
                 renderer.start_shadows();

voxygen/src/scene/particle.rs

@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ impl ParticleMgr {
                 power,
                 reagent,
             } => {
-                for _ in 0..150 {
-                    self.particles.push(Particle::new(
+                self.particles.resize(
+                    self.particles.len() + 150,
+                    Particle::new(
                         Duration::from_millis(if reagent.is_some() { 1000 } else { 250 }),
                         time,
                         match reagent {
@@ -66,17 +67,18 @@ impl ParticleMgr {
                             None => ParticleMode::Shrapnel,
                         },
                         *pos,
-                    ));
-                }
+                    ),
+                );
 
-                for _ in 0..200 {
-                    self.particles.push(Particle::new(
+                self.particles.resize(
+                    self.particles.len() + 200,
+                    Particle::new(
                         Duration::from_secs(4),
                         time,
                         ParticleMode::CampfireSmoke,
                         *pos + Vec2::<f32>::zero().map(|_| rng.gen_range(-1.0, 1.0) * power),
-                    ));
-                }
+                    ),
+                );
             },
             Outcome::ProjectileShot { .. } => {},
         }
@@ -107,14 +109,7 @@ impl ParticleMgr {
 
     fn maintain_body_particles(&mut self, scene_data: &SceneData) {
         let ecs = scene_data.state.ecs();
-        for (_i, (_entity, body, pos)) in (
-            &ecs.entities(),
-            &ecs.read_storage::<Body>(),
-            &ecs.read_storage::<Pos>(),
-        )
-            .join()
-            .enumerate()
-        {
+        for (body, pos) in (&ecs.read_storage::<Body>(), &ecs.read_storage::<Pos>()).join() {
             match body {
                 Body::Object(object::Body::CampfireLit) => {
                     self.maintain_campfirelit_particles(scene_data, pos)
@@ -181,24 +176,26 @@ impl ParticleMgr {
         let time = scene_data.state.get_time();
 
         // fire
-        for _ in 0..self.scheduler.heartbeats(Duration::from_millis(3)) {
-            self.particles.push(Particle::new(
+        self.particles.resize(
+            self.particles.len() + usize::from(self.scheduler.heartbeats(Duration::from_millis(3))),
+            Particle::new(
                 Duration::from_millis(250),
                 time,
                 ParticleMode::CampfireFire,
                 pos.0,
-            ));
-        }
+            ),
+        );
 
         // smoke
-        for _ in 0..self.scheduler.heartbeats(Duration::from_millis(5)) {
-            self.particles.push(Particle::new(
+        self.particles.resize(
+            self.particles.len() + usize::from(self.scheduler.heartbeats(Duration::from_millis(5))),
+            Particle::new(
                 Duration::from_secs(2),
                 time,
                 ParticleMode::CampfireSmoke,
                 pos.0,
-            ));
-        }
+            ),
+        );
     }
 
     fn maintain_bomb_particles(&mut self, scene_data: &SceneData, pos: &Pos) {
@@ -228,23 +225,23 @@ impl ParticleMgr {
         let ecs = state.ecs();
         let time = state.get_time();
 
-        for (_i, (_entity, pos, character_state)) in (
-            &ecs.entities(),
+        for (pos, character_state) in (
             &ecs.read_storage::<Pos>(),
             &ecs.read_storage::<CharacterState>(),
         )
             .join()
-            .enumerate()
         {
             if let CharacterState::Boost(_) = character_state {
-                for _ in 0..self.scheduler.heartbeats(Duration::from_millis(10)) {
-                    self.particles.push(Particle::new(
+                self.particles.resize(
+                    self.particles.len()
+                        + usize::from(self.scheduler.heartbeats(Duration::from_millis(10))),
+                    Particle::new(
                         Duration::from_secs(15),
                         time,
                         ParticleMode::CampfireSmoke,
                         pos.0,
-                    ));
-                }
+                    ),
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -393,6 +390,7 @@ impl HeartbeatScheduler {
     pub fn clear(&mut self) { self.timers.clear() }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 struct Particle {
     alive_until: f64, // created_at + lifespan
     instance: ParticleInstance,

voxygen/src/scene/simple.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use crate::{
     mesh::{greedy::GreedyMesh, Meshable},
     render::{
         create_pp_mesh, create_skybox_mesh, BoneMeshes, Consts, FigureModel, FigurePipeline,
-        GlobalModel, Globals, Light, Model, PostProcessLocals, PostProcessPipeline, Renderer,
-        Shadow, ShadowLocals, SkyboxLocals, SkyboxPipeline,
+        GlobalModel, Globals, Light, Mesh, Model, PostProcessLocals, PostProcessPipeline, Renderer,
+        Shadow, ShadowLocals, SkyboxLocals, SkyboxPipeline, TerrainPipeline,
     },
     scene::{
         camera::{self, Camera, CameraMode},
-        figure::{load_mesh, FigureColLights, FigureModelCache, FigureState},
+        figure::{load_mesh, FigureColLights, FigureModelCache, FigureModelEntry, FigureState},
         LodData,
     },
     window::{Event, PressState},
@@ -46,13 +46,14 @@ impl ReadVol for VoidVol {
 
 fn generate_mesh<'a>(
     greedy: &mut GreedyMesh<'a>,
+    mesh: &mut Mesh<TerrainPipeline>,
     segment: Segment,
     offset: Vec3<f32>,
 ) -> BoneMeshes {
     let (opaque, _, /* shadow */ _, bounds) =
         Meshable::<FigurePipeline, &mut GreedyMesh>::generate_mesh(
             segment,
-            (greedy, offset, Vec3::one()),
+            (greedy, mesh, offset, Vec3::one()),
         );
     (opaque /* , shadow */, bounds)
 }
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ pub struct Scene {
     map_bounds: Vec2<f32>,
 
     col_lights: FigureColLights,
-    backdrop: Option<(FigureModel, FigureState<FixtureSkeleton>)>,
+    backdrop: Option<(FigureModelEntry<1>, FigureState<FixtureSkeleton>)>,
     figure_model_cache: FigureModelCache,
     figure_state: FigureState<CharacterSkeleton>,
 
@@ -150,12 +151,20 @@ impl Scene {
             backdrop: backdrop.map(|specifier| {
                 let mut state = FigureState::new(renderer, FixtureSkeleton::default());
                 let mut greedy = FigureModel::make_greedy();
-                let mesh = load_mesh(
+                let mut opaque_mesh = Mesh::new();
+                let (_opaque_mesh, (bounds, range)) = load_mesh(
                     specifier,
                     Vec3::new(-55.0, -49.5, -2.0),
-                    |segment, offset| generate_mesh(&mut greedy, segment, offset),
+                    |segment, offset| generate_mesh(&mut greedy, &mut opaque_mesh, segment, offset),
                 );
-                let model = col_lights.create_figure(renderer, greedy, mesh).unwrap();
+                // NOTE: Since MagicaVoxel sizes are limited to 256 × 256 × 256, and there are
+                // at most 3 meshed vertices per unique vertex, we know the
+                // total size is bounded by 2^24 * 3 * 1.5 which is bounded by
+                // 2^27, which fits in a u32.
+                let range = range.start as u32..range.end as u32;
+                let model = col_lights
+                    .create_figure(renderer, greedy, (opaque_mesh, bounds), [range])
+                    .unwrap();
                 let mut buf = [Default::default(); anim::MAX_BONE_COUNT];
                 state.update(
                     renderer,
@@ -315,7 +324,7 @@ impl Scene {
                 Rgba::broadcast(1.0),
                 scene_data.delta_time,
                 1.0,
-                &model[0],
+                &model,
                 0,
                 true,
                 false,
@@ -354,8 +363,8 @@ impl Scene {
                 .0;
 
             renderer.render_figure(
-                &model[0],
-                &self.col_lights.texture(),
+                &model.models[0],
+                &self.col_lights.texture(model),
                 &self.data,
                 self.figure_state.locals(),
                 self.figure_state.bone_consts(),
@@ -365,8 +374,8 @@ impl Scene {
 
         if let Some((model, state)) = &self.backdrop {
             renderer.render_figure(
-                model,
-                &self.col_lights.texture(),
+                &model.models[0],
+                &self.col_lights.texture(model),
                 &self.data,
                 state.locals(),
                 state.bone_consts(),

voxygen/src/scene/terrain.rs

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ fn mesh_worker<V: BaseVol<Vox = Block> + RectRasterableVol + ReadVol + Debug>(
     volume: <VolGrid2d<V> as SampleVol<Aabr<i32>>>::Sample,
     max_texture_size: u16,
     range: Aabb<i32>,
-    sprite_models: &HashMap<(BlockKind, usize), Vec<SpriteData>>,
+    sprite_data: &HashMap<(BlockKind, usize), Vec<SpriteData>>,
 ) -> MeshWorkerResponse {
     let (opaque_mesh, fluid_mesh, _shadow_mesh, (bounds, col_lights_info)) =
         volume.generate_mesh((range, Vec2::new(max_texture_size, max_texture_size)));
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ fn mesh_worker<V: BaseVol<Vox = Block> + RectRasterableVol + ReadVol + Debug>(
                             let key = (block.kind(), variation);
                             // NOTE: Safe bbecause we called sprite_config_for already.
                             // NOTE: Safe because 0 ≤ ori < 8
-                            let sprite_data = &sprite_models[&key][0];
+                            let sprite_data = &sprite_data[&key][0];
                             let instance = SpriteInstance::new(
                                 Mat4::identity()
                                     .translated_3d(sprite_data.offset)
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ pub struct Terrain<V: RectRasterableVol> {
     mesh_todo: HashMap<Vec2<i32>, ChunkMeshState>,
 
     // GPU data
-    sprite_models: Arc<HashMap<(BlockKind, usize), Vec<SpriteData>>>,
+    sprite_data: Arc<HashMap<(BlockKind, usize), Vec<SpriteData>>>,
     sprite_col_lights: Texture<ColLightFmt>,
     col_lights: Texture<ColLightFmt>,
     waves: Texture,
@@ -513,6 +513,7 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
             guillotiere::Size::new(i32::from(max_texture_size), i32::from(max_texture_size));
         let mut greedy = GreedyMesh::new(max_size);
         let mut locals_buffer = [SpriteLocals::default(); 8];
+        // NOTE: Tracks the start vertex of the next model to be meshed.
         let mut make_models = |(kind, variation), s, offset, lod_axes: Vec3<f32>| {
             let scaled = [1.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2];
             let model = assets::load_expect::<DotVoxData>(s);
@@ -550,12 +551,21 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
                                 lod_axes * lod_scale_orig
                                     + lod_axes.map(|e| if e == 0.0 { 1.0 } else { 0.0 })
                             };
-                        let opaque_model =
-                            Meshable::<SpritePipeline, &mut GreedyMesh>::generate_mesh(
-                                Segment::from(model.as_ref()).scaled_by(lod_scale),
-                                (&mut greedy, wind_sway >= 0.4 && lod_scale_orig == 1.0),
-                            )
-                            .0;
+                        // Mesh generation exclusively acts using side effects; it has no
+                        // interesting return value, but updates the mesh.
+                        let mut opaque_mesh = Mesh::new();
+                        Meshable::<SpritePipeline, &mut GreedyMesh>::generate_mesh(
+                            Segment::from(model.as_ref()).scaled_by(lod_scale),
+                            (
+                                &mut greedy,
+                                &mut opaque_mesh,
+                                wind_sway >= 0.4 && lod_scale_orig == 1.0,
+                            ),
+                        );
+                        let model = renderer
+                            .create_model(&opaque_mesh)
+                            .expect("Failed to upload sprite model data to the GPU!");
+
                         let sprite_scale = Vec3::one() / lod_scale;
                         let sprite_mat: Mat4<f32> = sprite_mat * Mat4::scaling_3d(sprite_scale);
                         locals_buffer
@@ -569,8 +579,8 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
                             });
 
                         SpriteData {
+                            /* vertex_range */ model,
                             offset,
-                            model: renderer.create_model(&opaque_model).unwrap(),
                             locals: renderer
                                 .create_consts(&locals_buffer)
                                 .expect("Failed to upload sprite locals to the GPU!"),
@@ -580,7 +590,7 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
             )
         };
 
-        let sprite_models: HashMap<(BlockKind, usize), _> = vec![
+        let sprite_data: HashMap<(BlockKind, usize), _> = vec![
             // Windows
             make_models(
                 (BlockKind::Window1, 0),
@@ -2370,6 +2380,7 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
         .collect();
         let sprite_col_lights = ShadowPipeline::create_col_lights(renderer, greedy.finalize())
             .expect("Failed to upload sprite color and light data to the GPU!");
+
         Self {
             atlas,
             chunks: HashMap::default(),
@@ -2377,7 +2388,7 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
             mesh_send_tmp: send,
             mesh_recv: recv,
             mesh_todo: HashMap::default(),
-            sprite_models: Arc::new(sprite_models),
+            sprite_data: Arc::new(sprite_data),
             sprite_col_lights,
             waves: renderer
                 .create_texture(
@@ -2624,9 +2635,9 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
 
             // Queue the worker thread.
             let started_tick = todo.started_tick;
-            let sprite_models = Arc::clone(&self.sprite_models);
+            let sprite_data = Arc::clone(&self.sprite_data);
             scene_data.thread_pool.execute(move || {
-                let sprite_models = sprite_models;
+                let sprite_data = sprite_data;
                 let _ = send.send(mesh_worker(
                     pos,
                     (min_z as f32, max_z as f32),
@@ -2634,7 +2645,7 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
                     volume,
                     max_texture_size,
                     aabb,
-                    &sprite_models,
+                    &sprite_data,
                 ));
             });
             todo.active_worker = Some(todo.started_tick);
@@ -3067,15 +3078,15 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
                             && dist_sqrd <= chunk_mag
                             || dist_sqrd < sprite_high_detail_distance.powf(2.0)
                         {
-                            &self.sprite_models[&kind][0]
+                            &self.sprite_data[&kind][0]
                         } else if dist_sqrd < sprite_hid_detail_distance.powf(2.0) {
-                            &self.sprite_models[&kind][1]
+                            &self.sprite_data[&kind][1]
                         } else if dist_sqrd < sprite_mid_detail_distance.powf(2.0) {
-                            &self.sprite_models[&kind][2]
+                            &self.sprite_data[&kind][2]
                         } else if dist_sqrd < sprite_low_detail_distance.powf(2.0) {
-                            &self.sprite_models[&kind][3]
+                            &self.sprite_data[&kind][3]
                         } else {
-                            &self.sprite_models[&kind][4]
+                            &self.sprite_data[&kind][4]
                         };
                         renderer.render_sprites(
                             model,

voxygen/src/settings.rs

@@ -659,12 +659,7 @@ pub enum AudioOutput {
 }
 
 impl AudioOutput {
-    pub fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Self::Off => false,
-            _ => true,
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool { !matches!(self, Self::Off) }
 }
 /// `AudioSettings` controls the volume of different audio subsystems and which
 /// device is used.

voxygen/src/ui/event.rs

@@ -30,23 +30,19 @@ impl Event {
     }
 
     pub fn is_keyboard_or_mouse(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.0 {
+        matches!(self.0,
             Input::Press(_)
             | Input::Release(_)
             | Input::Motion(_)
             | Input::Touch(_)
-            | Input::Text(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+            | Input::Text(_))
     }
 
     pub fn is_keyboard(&self) -> bool {
-        match self.0 {
+        matches!(self.0,
             Input::Press(Button::Keyboard(_))
             | Input::Release(Button::Keyboard(_))
-            | Input::Text(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+            | Input::Text(_))
     }
 
     pub fn new_resize(dims: Vec2<f64>) -> Self { Self(Input::Resize(dims.x, dims.y)) }

voxygen/src/ui/mod.rs

@@ -43,13 +43,12 @@ use conrod_core::{
     widget::{self, id::Generator},
     Rect, Scalar, UiBuilder, UiCell,
 };
+use core::{convert::TryInto, f32, f64, ops::Range};
 use graphic::{Rotation, TexId};
 use hashbrown::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::{
-    f32, f64,
     fs::File,
     io::{BufReader, Read},
-    ops::Range,
     sync::Arc,
     time::Duration,
 };
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ enum DrawKind {
     Plain,
 }
 enum DrawCommand {
-    Draw { kind: DrawKind, verts: Range<usize> },
+    Draw { kind: DrawKind, verts: Range<u32> },
     Scissor(Aabr<u16>),
     WorldPos(Option<usize>),
 }
@@ -75,14 +74,28 @@ impl DrawCommand {
     fn image(verts: Range<usize>, id: TexId) -> DrawCommand {
         DrawCommand::Draw {
             kind: DrawKind::Image(id),
-            verts,
+            verts: verts
+                .start
+                .try_into()
+                .expect("Vertex count for UI rendering does not fit in a u32!")
+                ..verts
+                    .end
+                    .try_into()
+                    .expect("Vertex count for UI rendering does not fit in a u32!"),
         }
     }
 
     fn plain(verts: Range<usize>) -> DrawCommand {
         DrawCommand::Draw {
             kind: DrawKind::Plain,
-            verts,
+            verts: verts
+                .start
+                .try_into()
+                .expect("Vertex count for UI rendering does not fit in a u32!")
+                ..verts
+                    .end
+                    .try_into()
+                    .expect("Vertex count for UI rendering does not fit in a u32!"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -981,7 +994,7 @@ impl Ui {
                         DrawKind::Plain => self.cache.glyph_cache_tex(),
                     };
                     let model = self.model.submodel(verts.clone());
-                    renderer.render_ui_element(&model, tex, scissor, globals, locals);
+                    renderer.render_ui_element(model, tex, scissor, globals, locals);
                 },
             }
         }

world/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #![allow(clippy::option_map_unit_fn)]
 #![feature(
     arbitrary_enum_discriminant,
-    const_if_match,
     const_generics,
     const_panic,
     label_break_value,

world/src/sim/erosion.rs

@@ -120,29 +120,11 @@ pub enum RiverKind {
 }
 
 impl RiverKind {
-    pub fn is_ocean(&self) -> bool {
-        if let RiverKind::Ocean = *self {
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_ocean(&self) -> bool { matches!(*self, RiverKind::Ocean) }
 
-    pub fn is_river(&self) -> bool {
-        if let RiverKind::River { .. } = *self {
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_river(&self) -> bool { matches!(*self, RiverKind::River { .. }) }
 
-    pub fn is_lake(&self) -> bool {
-        if let RiverKind::Lake { .. } = *self {
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
+    pub fn is_lake(&self) -> bool { matches!(*self, RiverKind::Lake { .. }) }
 }
 
 impl PartialOrd for RiverKind {

world/src/sim/map.rs

@@ -170,9 +170,7 @@ pub fn sample_pos(
             }
         });
 
-    let downhill_wpos = downhill
-        .map(|downhill_pos| downhill_pos)
-        .unwrap_or(wpos + TerrainChunkSize::RECT_SIZE.map(|e| e as i32));
+    let downhill_wpos = downhill.unwrap_or(wpos + TerrainChunkSize::RECT_SIZE.map(|e| e as i32));
     let alt = if is_basement { basement } else { alt };
 
     let true_water_alt = (alt.max(water_alt) as f64 - focus.z) / gain as f64;

world/src/site/settlement/building/archetype/house.rs

@@ -93,21 +93,9 @@ pub enum StoreyFill {
 }
 
 impl StoreyFill {
-    fn has_lower(&self) -> bool {
-        if let StoreyFill::All = self {
-            true
-        } else {
-            false
-        }
-    }
+    fn has_lower(&self) -> bool { matches!(self, StoreyFill::All) }
 
-    fn has_upper(&self) -> bool {
-        if let StoreyFill::None = self {
-            false
-        } else {
-            true
-        }
-    }
+    fn has_upper(&self) -> bool { !matches!(self, StoreyFill::None) }
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]

world/src/site/settlement/mod.rs

@@ -236,10 +236,7 @@ impl Settlement {
             let origin = dir.map(|e| (e * 100.0) as i32);
             let origin = self
                 .land
-                .find_tile_near(origin, |plot| match plot {
-                    Some(&Plot::Field { .. }) => true,
-                    _ => false,
-                })
+                .find_tile_near(origin, |plot| matches!(plot, Some(&Plot::Field { .. })))
                 .unwrap();
 
             if let Some(path) = self.town.as_ref().and_then(|town| {
@@ -520,7 +517,7 @@ impl Settlement {
                 .land
                 .get_at_block(wpos - self.origin)
                 .plot
-                .map(|p| if let Plot::Hazard = p { true } else { false })
+                .map(|p| matches!(p, Plot::Hazard))
                 .unwrap_or(true),
             ..SpawnRules::default()
         }