Render Ui

assets/voxygen/shaders/ui-frag.glsl

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ uniform u_locals {
     vec4 w_pos;
 };
 
-layout(set = 1, binding = 1)
+layout(set = 2, binding = 0)
 uniform texture2D t_tex;
-layout(set = 1, binding = 2)
+layout(set = 2, binding = 1)
 uniform sampler s_tex;
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec4 tgt_color;

assets/voxygen/shaders/ui-vert.glsl

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ uniform u_locals {
     vec4 w_pos;
 };
 
-layout(set = 1, binding = 1)
+layout(set = 2, binding = 0)
 uniform texture2D t_tex;
-layout(set = 1, binding = 2)
+layout(set = 2, binding = 1)
 uniform sampler s_tex;
 
 layout(location = 0) out vec2 f_uv;
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ void main() {
         f_uv = v_uv;
         // Fixed scale In-game element
         vec4 projected_pos = /*proj_mat * view_mat*/all_mat * vec4(w_pos.xyz - focus_off.xyz, 1.0);
-        gl_Position = vec4(projected_pos.xy / projected_pos.w + v_pos/* * projected_pos.w*/, -1.0, /*projected_pos.w*/1.0);
+        gl_Position = vec4(projected_pos.xy / projected_pos.w + v_pos/* * projected_pos.w*/, 0.0, /*projected_pos.w*/1.0);
     } else if (v_mode == uint(3)) {
         // HACK: North facing source rectangle.
-        gl_Position = vec4(v_pos, -1.0, 1.0);
+        gl_Position = vec4(v_pos, 0.0, 1.0);
         vec2 look_at_dir = normalize(vec2(-view_mat[0][2], -view_mat[1][2]));
         // TODO: Consider cleaning up matrix to something more efficient (e.g. a mat3).
         vec2 aspect_ratio = textureSize(sampler2D(t_tex, s_tex), 0).yx;
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ void main() {
         mat2 look_at = mat2(look_at_dir.y, -look_at_dir.x, look_at_dir.x, look_at_dir.y);
         vec2 v_centered = (v_pos - v_center) / aspect_ratio;
         vec2 v_rotated = look_at * v_centered;
-        gl_Position = vec4(aspect_ratio * v_rotated + v_center, -1.0, 1.0);
+        gl_Position = vec4(aspect_ratio * v_rotated + v_center, 0.0, 1.0);
     } else {
         // Interface element
         f_uv = v_uv;
-        gl_Position = vec4(v_pos, -1.0, 1.0);
+        gl_Position = vec4(v_pos, 0.0, 1.0);
     }
     f_mode = v_mode;
 }

voxygen/src/menu/char_selection/ui/mod.rs

@@ -1584,7 +1584,8 @@ impl CharSelectionUi {
     }
 
     // TODO: do we need globals?
-    pub fn render(&self, renderer: &mut Renderer) { self.ui.render(renderer); }
+    pub fn render(&self, renderer: &mut Renderer) { /* self.ui.render(renderer);*/
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Default)]

voxygen/src/menu/main/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 mod client_init;
+mod scene;
 mod ui;
 
 use super::char_selection::CharSelectionState;
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ use client::{
 use client_init::{ClientConnArgs, ClientInit, Error as InitError, Msg as InitMsg};
 use common::comp;
 use common_base::span;
+use scene::Scene;
 use std::{fmt::Debug, sync::Arc};
 use tokio::runtime;
 use tracing::error;
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ pub struct MainMenuState {
     main_menu_ui: MainMenuUi,
     // Used for client creation.
     client_init: Option<ClientInit>,
+    scene: Scene,
 }
 
 impl MainMenuState {
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ impl MainMenuState {
         Self {
             main_menu_ui: MainMenuUi::new(global_state),
             client_init: None,
+            scene: Scene::new(global_state.window.renderer_mut()),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -342,8 +346,18 @@ impl PlayState for MainMenuState {
     fn name(&self) -> &'static str { "Title" }
 
     fn render(&mut self, renderer: &mut Renderer, _: &Settings) {
+        // TODO: maybe the drawer should be passed in from above?
+        let mut drawer = match renderer
+            .start_recording_frame(self.scene.global_bind_group())
+            .unwrap()
+        {
+            Some(d) => d,
+            // Couldn't get swap chain texture this fime
+            None => return,
+        };
+
         // Draw the UI to the screen.
-        self.main_menu_ui.render(renderer);
+        self.main_menu_ui.render(&mut drawer.third_pass().draw_ui());
     }
 }
 

voxygen/src/menu/main/scene.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+use crate::render::{
+    GlobalModel, Globals, GlobalsBindGroup, Light, LodData, Renderer, Shadow, ShadowLocals,
+};
+
+pub struct Scene {
+    // global_data: GlobalModel,
+    // lod_data: LodData,
+    bind_group: GlobalsBindGroup,
+}
+
+impl Scene {
+    pub fn new(renderer: &mut Renderer) -> Self {
+        let global_data = GlobalModel {
+            globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()]),
+            lights: renderer.create_consts(&[Light::default(); 32]),
+            shadows: renderer.create_consts(&[Shadow::default(); 32]),
+            shadow_mats: renderer.create_consts(&[ShadowLocals::default(); 6]),
+        };
+
+        let lod_data = LodData::dummy(renderer);
+
+        let bind_group = renderer.bind_globals(&global_data, &lod_data);
+
+        Self { bind_group }
+    }
+
+    pub fn global_bind_group(&self) -> &GlobalsBindGroup { &self.bind_group }
+}

voxygen/src/menu/main/ui/mod.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ mod servers;
 
 use crate::{
     i18n::{LanguageMetadata, LocalizationHandle},
-    render::Renderer,
+    render::UiDrawer,
     ui::{
         self,
         fonts::IcedFonts as Fonts,
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ pub struct MainMenuUi {
     controls: Controls,
 }
 
-impl<'a> MainMenuUi {
+impl MainMenuUi {
     pub fn new(global_state: &mut GlobalState) -> Self {
         // Load language
         let i18n = &global_state.i18n.read();
@@ -582,5 +582,5 @@ impl<'a> MainMenuUi {
         events
     }
 
-    pub fn render(&self, renderer: &mut Renderer) { self.ui.render(renderer); }
+    pub fn render<'a>(&'a self, drawer: &mut UiDrawer<'_, 'a>) { self.ui.render(drawer); }
 }

voxygen/src/render/buffer.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use bytemuck::Pod;
 use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
 
 pub struct Buffer<T: Copy + Pod> {
-    pub buf: wgpu::Buffer,
+    pub(super) buf: wgpu::Buffer,
     // Size in number of elements
     // TODO: determine if this is a good name
     len: usize,

voxygen/src/render/mod.rs

@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ pub use self::{
         ui::{
             create_quad as create_ui_quad,
             create_quad_vert_gradient as create_ui_quad_vert_gradient, create_tri as create_ui_tri,
-            Locals as UiLocals, Mode as UiMode, Vertex as UiVertex,
+            Locals as UiLocals, LocalsBindGroup as UiLocalsBindGroup, Mode as UiMode,
+            TextureBindGroup as UiTextureBindGroup, Vertex as UiVertex,
         },
-        GlobalModel, Globals, GlobalsLayouts, Light, Shadow,
+        GlobalModel, Globals, GlobalsBindGroup, GlobalsLayouts, Light, Shadow,
     },
-    renderer::{ColLightInfo, Renderer},
+    renderer::{ColLightInfo, Drawer, Renderer, UiDrawer},
     texture::Texture,
 };
 pub use wgpu::{AddressMode, FilterMode};

voxygen/src/render/model.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct SubModel<'a, V: Vertex> {
 }
 
 impl<'a, V: Vertex> SubModel<'a, V> {
-    pub fn buf(&self) -> &wgpu::Buffer { self.buf }
+    pub(super) fn buf(&self) -> &wgpu::Buffer { self.buf }
 }
 
 /// Represents a mesh that has been sent to the GPU.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl<V: Vertex> Model<V> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn buf(&self) -> &wgpu::Buffer { &self.vbuf.buf }
+    pub(super) fn buf(&self) -> &wgpu::Buffer { &self.vbuf.buf }
 
     pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.vbuf.len() }
 }

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/clouds.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ impl CloudsPipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/figure.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ impl FigureLayout {
                         },
                         count: None,
                     },
-                    // TODO: does this change at the same frequency?
                     // col lights
                     wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                         binding: 2,
@@ -192,7 +191,6 @@ impl FigurePipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/fluid.rs

@@ -105,7 +105,6 @@ impl FluidPipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/lod_terrain.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,25 @@ pub struct LodData {
 }
 
 impl LodData {
+    pub fn dummy(renderer: &mut Renderer) -> Self {
+        let map_size = Vec2::new(1, 1);
+        let map_border = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+        let map_image = [0];
+        let alt_image = [0];
+        let horizon_image = [0x_00_01_00_01];
+        //let map_border = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
+
+        Self::new(
+            renderer,
+            map_size,
+            &map_image,
+            &alt_image,
+            &horizon_image,
+            1,
+            //map_border.into(),
+        )
+    }
+
     pub fn new(
         renderer: &mut Renderer,
         map_size: Vec2<u32>,
@@ -44,7 +63,8 @@ impl LodData {
         tgt_detail: u32,
         //border_color: gfx::texture::PackedColor,
     ) -> Self {
-        let mut texture_info = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+        let mut create_texture = |format, data| {
+            let texture_info = wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
                 label: None,
                 size: wgpu::Extent3d {
                     width: map_size.x,
@@ -54,7 +74,7 @@ impl LodData {
                 mip_level_count: 1,
                 sample_count: 1,
                 dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
-            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb,
+                format,
                 usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::SAMPLED | wgpu::TextureUsage::COPY_DST,
             };
 
@@ -70,9 +90,9 @@ impl LodData {
                 ..Default::default()
             };
 
-        let mut view_info = wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
+            let view_info = wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
                 label: None,
-            format: Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb),
+                format: Some(format),
                 dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2),
                 aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
                 base_mip_level: 0,
@@ -81,28 +101,16 @@ impl LodData {
                 array_layer_count: None,
             };
 
-        let map = renderer.create_texture_with_data_raw(
+            renderer.create_texture_with_data_raw(
                 &texture_info,
                 &view_info,
                 &sampler_info,
-            bytemuck::cast_slice(lod_base),
+                bytemuck::cast_slice(data),
-        );
+            )
-        texture_info.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Rg16Uint;
+        };
-        view_info.format = Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rg16Uint);
+        let map = create_texture(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8UnormSrgb, lod_base);
-        let alt = renderer.create_texture_with_data_raw(
+        let alt = create_texture(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rg16Uint, lod_alt);
-            &texture_info,
+        let horizon = create_texture(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm, lod_horizon);
-            &view_info,
-            &sampler_info,
-            bytemuck::cast_slice(lod_base),
-        );
-        texture_info.format = wgpu::TextureFormat::Rgba8Unorm;
-        view_info.format = Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Rg16Uint);
-        let horizon = renderer.create_texture_with_data_raw(
-            &texture_info,
-            &view_info,
-            &sampler_info,
-            bytemuck::cast_slice(lod_base),
-        );
 
         Self {
             map,
@@ -173,7 +181,6 @@ impl LodTerrainPipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/mod.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub mod sprite;
 pub mod terrain;
 pub mod ui;
 
-use super::Consts;
+use super::{Consts, Texture};
 use crate::scene::camera::CameraMode;
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
 use common::terrain::BlockKind;
@@ -225,6 +225,10 @@ pub struct GlobalModel {
     pub shadow_mats: Consts<shadow::Locals>,
 }
 
+pub struct GlobalsBindGroup {
+    pub(super) bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+}
+
 pub struct GlobalsLayouts {
     pub globals: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
 }
@@ -315,7 +319,7 @@ impl GlobalsLayouts {
                     ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler { comparison: false },
                     count: None,
                 },
-                // light shadows
+                // light shadows (ie shadows from a light?)
                 wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                     binding: 9,
                     visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
@@ -382,4 +386,96 @@ impl GlobalsLayouts {
 
         Self { globals }
     }
+
+    pub fn bind(
+        &self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        global_model: &GlobalModel,
+        lod_data: &lod_terrain::LodData,
+        noise: &Texture,
+        point_shadow_map: &Texture,
+        directed_shadow_map: &Texture,
+    ) -> GlobalsBindGroup {
+        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: None,
+            layout: &self.globals,
+            entries: &[
+                // Global uniform
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: global_model.globals.buf().as_entire_binding(),
+                },
+                // Noise tex
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&noise.view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 2,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&noise.sampler),
+                },
+                // Light uniform
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 3,
+                    resource: global_model.lights.buf().as_entire_binding(),
+                },
+                // Shadow uniform
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 4,
+                    resource: global_model.shadows.buf().as_entire_binding(),
+                },
+                // Alt texture
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 5,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&lod_data.alt.view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 6,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&lod_data.alt.sampler),
+                },
+                // Horizon texture
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 7,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&lod_data.horizon.view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 8,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&lod_data.horizon.sampler),
+                },
+                // light shadows
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 9,
+                    resource: global_model.shadow_mats.buf().as_entire_binding(),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 10,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&point_shadow_map.view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 11,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&point_shadow_map.sampler),
+                },
+                // directed shadow maps
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 12,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&directed_shadow_map.view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 13,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&directed_shadow_map.sampler),
+                },
+                // lod map (t_map)
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 14,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&lod_data.map.view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 15,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&lod_data.map.sampler),
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+
+        GlobalsBindGroup { bind_group }
+    }
 }

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/particle.rs

@@ -189,7 +189,6 @@ impl ParticlePipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/postprocess.rs

@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ impl PostProcessPipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/shadow.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ impl Locals {
 
     pub fn default() -> Self { Self::new(Mat4::identity(), Mat4::identity()) }
 
-    // TODO: unused?
     fn layout(device: &wgpu::Device) -> wgpu::BindGroupLayout {
         device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
             label: None,
@@ -131,7 +130,6 @@ impl ShadowFigurePipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,
@@ -214,7 +212,6 @@ impl ShadowPipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/skybox.rs

@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ impl SkyboxPipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/sprite.rs

@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ impl SpriteLayout {
                 label: None,
                 entries: &[
                     // locals
-                    // TODO: different freq
                     wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                         binding: 0,
                         visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
@@ -239,7 +238,6 @@ impl SpritePipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/terrain.rs

@@ -170,7 +170,6 @@ impl TerrainLayout {
                         count: None,
                     },
                     // col lights
-                    // TODO: same frequency?
                     wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
                         binding: 1,
                         visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
@@ -218,7 +217,6 @@ impl TerrainPipeline {
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/pipelines/ui.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::super::{AaMode, GlobalsLayouts, Quad, Tri};
+use super::super::{AaMode, Consts, GlobalsLayouts, Quad, Texture, Tri};
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
 use vek::*;
 
@@ -80,11 +80,20 @@ impl Mode {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct UILayout {
+pub struct LocalsBindGroup {
-    pub locals: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+    pub(in super::super) bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
 }
 
-impl UILayout {
+pub struct TextureBindGroup {
+    pub(in super::super) bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+}
+
+pub struct UiLayout {
+    pub locals: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+    pub texture: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+}
+
+impl UiLayout {
     pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device) -> Self {
         Self {
             locals: device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
@@ -100,9 +109,14 @@ impl UILayout {
                         },
                         count: None,
                     },
+                ],
+            }),
+            texture: device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+                label: None,
+                entries: &[
                     // texture
                     wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                        binding: 1,
+                        binding: 0,
                         visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                         ty: wgpu::BindingType::SampledTexture {
                             component_type: wgpu::TextureComponentType::Float,
@@ -112,7 +126,7 @@ impl UILayout {
                         count: None,
                     },
                     wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-                        binding: 2,
+                        binding: 1,
                         visibility: wgpu::ShaderStage::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStage::FRAGMENT,
                         ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler { comparison: false },
                         count: None,
@@ -121,33 +135,64 @@ impl UILayout {
             }),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn bind_locals(&self, device: &wgpu::Device, locals: &Consts<Locals>) -> LocalsBindGroup {
+        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: None,
+            layout: &self.locals,
+            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                binding: 0,
+                resource: locals.buf().as_entire_binding(),
+            }],
+        });
+
+        LocalsBindGroup { bind_group }
     }
 
-pub struct UIPipeline {
+    pub fn bind_texture(&self, device: &wgpu::Device, texture: &Texture) -> TextureBindGroup {
+        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: None,
+            layout: &self.texture,
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&texture.view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&texture.sampler),
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+
+        TextureBindGroup { bind_group }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct UiPipeline {
     pub pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
 }
 
-impl UIPipeline {
+impl UiPipeline {
     pub fn new(
         device: &wgpu::Device,
         vs_module: &wgpu::ShaderModule,
         fs_module: &wgpu::ShaderModule,
         sc_desc: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
         global_layout: &GlobalsLayouts,
-        layout: &UILayout,
+        layout: &UiLayout,
         aa_mode: AaMode,
     ) -> Self {
         let render_pipeline_layout =
             device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-                label: Some("UI pipeline layout"),
+                label: Some("Ui pipeline layout"),
                 push_constant_ranges: &[],
-                bind_group_layouts: &[&global_layout.globals, &layout.locals],
+                bind_group_layouts: &[&global_layout.globals, &layout.locals, &layout.texture],
             });
 
         let samples = match aa_mode {
             AaMode::None | AaMode::Fxaa => 1,
             // TODO: Ensure sampling in the shader is exactly between the 4 texels
-            AaMode::SsaaX4 => 1,
             AaMode::MsaaX4 => 4,
             AaMode::MsaaX8 => 8,
             AaMode::MsaaX16 => 16,

voxygen/src/render/renderer.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+mod bind_group;
+mod drawer;
+
+pub use drawer::{Drawer, UiDrawer};
+
 use super::{
     consts::Consts,
     instances::Instances,
@@ -8,8 +13,8 @@ use super::{
         ui, GlobalsLayouts,
     },
     texture::Texture,
-    AaMode, AddressMode, CloudMode, FilterMode, FluidMode, LightingMode, RenderError, RenderMode,
+    AaMode, AddressMode, CloudMode, FilterMode, FluidMode, GlobalsBindGroup, LightingMode,
-    ShadowMapMode, ShadowMode, Vertex,
+    RenderError, RenderMode, ShadowMapMode, ShadowMode, Vertex,
 };
 use common::assets::{self, AssetExt, AssetHandle};
 use common_base::span;
@@ -20,6 +25,7 @@ use vek::*;
 
 /// A type representing data that can be converted to an immutable texture map
 /// of ColLight data (used for texture atlases created during greedy meshing).
+// TODO: revert to u16
 pub type ColLightInfo = (Vec<[u8; 4]>, Vec2<u32>);
 
 /// Load from a GLSL file.
@@ -116,9 +122,9 @@ impl Shaders {
 pub struct ShadowMapRenderer {
     // directed_encoder: gfx::Encoder<gfx_backend::Resources, gfx_backend::CommandBuffer>,
     // point_encoder: gfx::Encoder<gfx_backend::Resources, gfx_backend::CommandBuffer>,
-    directed_depth_stencil: Texture,
+    directed_depth: Texture,
 
-    point_depth_stencil: Texture,
+    point_depth: Texture,
 
     point_pipeline: shadow::ShadowPipeline,
     terrain_directed_pipeline: shadow::ShadowPipeline,
@@ -128,6 +134,7 @@ pub struct ShadowMapRenderer {
 
 /// A type that stores all the layouts associated with this renderer.
 pub struct Layouts {
+    // TODO: pub(self)??
     pub(self) global: GlobalsLayouts,
 
     pub(self) clouds: clouds::CloudsLayout,
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ pub struct Layouts {
     pub(self) shadow: shadow::ShadowLayout,
     pub(self) sprite: sprite::SpriteLayout,
     pub(self) terrain: terrain::TerrainLayout,
-    pub(self) ui: ui::UILayout,
+    pub(self) ui: ui::UiLayout,
 }
 
 /// A type that encapsulates rendering state. `Renderer` is central to Voxygen's
@@ -156,7 +163,7 @@ pub struct Renderer {
     win_depth_view: wgpu::TextureView,
 
     tgt_color_view: wgpu::TextureView,
-    tgt_depth_stencil_view: wgpu::TextureView,
+    tgt_depth_view: wgpu::TextureView,
     // TODO: rename
     tgt_color_pp_view: wgpu::TextureView,
 
@@ -177,7 +184,7 @@ pub struct Renderer {
     skybox_pipeline: skybox::SkyboxPipeline,
     sprite_pipeline: sprite::SpritePipeline,
     terrain_pipeline: terrain::TerrainPipeline,
-    ui_pipeline: ui::UIPipeline,
+    ui_pipeline: ui::UiPipeline,
 
     shaders: AssetHandle<Shaders>,
 
@@ -273,7 +280,7 @@ impl Renderer {
             let shadow = shadow::ShadowLayout::new(&device);
             let sprite = sprite::SpriteLayout::new(&device);
             let terrain = terrain::TerrainLayout::new(&device);
-            let ui = ui::UILayout::new(&device);
+            let ui = ui::UiLayout::new(&device);
 
             Layouts {
                 global,
@@ -313,7 +320,7 @@ impl Renderer {
             shadow_views.is_some(),
         )?;
 
-        let (tgt_color_view, tgt_depth_stencil_view, tgt_color_pp_view, win_depth_view) =
+        let (tgt_color_view, tgt_depth_view, tgt_color_pp_view, win_depth_view) =
             Self::create_rt_views(&device, (dims.width, dims.height), &mode)?;
 
         let shadow_map = if let (
@@ -327,16 +334,16 @@ impl Renderer {
             figure_directed_shadow_pipeline,
             shadow_views,
         ) {
-            let (point_depth_stencil, directed_depth_stencil) = shadow_views;
+            let (point_depth, directed_depth) = shadow_views;
 
             let layout = shadow::ShadowLayout::new(&device);
 
             Some(ShadowMapRenderer {
-                directed_depth_stencil,
+                directed_depth,
 
                 // point_encoder: factory.create_command_buffer().into(),
                 // directed_encoder: factory.create_command_buffer().into(),
-                point_depth_stencil,
+                point_depth,
 
                 point_pipeline,
                 terrain_directed_pipeline,
@@ -378,7 +385,7 @@ impl Renderer {
             win_depth_view,
 
             tgt_color_view,
-            tgt_depth_stencil_view,
+            tgt_depth_view,
             tgt_color_pp_view,
 
             sampler,
@@ -411,7 +418,7 @@ impl Renderer {
     /// before post-processing.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn tgt_views(&self) -> (&wgpu::TextureView, &wgpu::TextureView) {
-        (&self.tgt_color_view, &self.tgt_depth_stencil_view)
+        (&self.tgt_color_view, &self.tgt_depth_view)
     }
 
     /// Get references to the internal render target views that get displayed
@@ -446,19 +453,19 @@ impl Renderer {
             self.swap_chain = self.device.create_swap_chain(&self.surface, &self.sc_desc);
 
             // Resize other render targets
-            let (tgt_color_view, tgt_depth_stencil_view, tgt_color_pp_view, win_depth_view) =
+            let (tgt_color_view, tgt_depth_view, tgt_color_pp_view, win_depth_view) =
                 Self::create_rt_views(&mut self.device, (dims.x, dims.y), &self.mode)?;
             self.win_depth_view = win_depth_view;
             self.tgt_color_view = tgt_color_view;
-            self.tgt_depth_stencil_view = tgt_depth_stencil_view;
+            self.tgt_depth_view = tgt_depth_view;
             self.tgt_color_pp_view = tgt_color_pp_view;
             if let (Some(shadow_map), ShadowMode::Map(mode)) =
                 (self.shadow_map.as_mut(), self.mode.shadow)
             {
                 match Self::create_shadow_views(&mut self.device, (dims.x, dims.y), &mode) {
-                    Ok((point_depth_stencil, directed_depth_stencil)) => {
+                    Ok((point_depth, directed_depth)) => {
-                        shadow_map.point_depth_stencil = point_depth_stencil;
+                        shadow_map.point_depth = point_depth;
-                        shadow_map.directed_depth_stencil = directed_depth_stencil;
+                        shadow_map.directed_depth = directed_depth;
                     },
                     Err(err) => {
                         warn!("Could not create shadow map views: {:?}", err);
@@ -496,7 +503,7 @@ impl Renderer {
         };
         let levels = 1;
 
-        let mut color_view = || {
+        let color_view = || {
             let tex = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
                 label: None,
                 size: wgpu::Extent3d {
@@ -527,7 +534,7 @@ impl Renderer {
         let tgt_color_view = color_view();
         let tgt_color_pp_view = color_view();
 
-        let tgt_depth_stencil_tex = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+        let tgt_depth_tex = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
             label: None,
             size: wgpu::Extent3d {
                 width,
@@ -540,8 +547,7 @@ impl Renderer {
             format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24Plus,
             usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::SAMPLED | wgpu::TextureUsage::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
         });
-        let tgt_depth_stencil_view =
+        let tgt_depth_view = tgt_depth_tex.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
-            tgt_depth_stencil_tex.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
             label: None,
             format: Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24Plus),
             dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2),
@@ -565,7 +571,7 @@ impl Renderer {
             format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24Plus,
             usage: wgpu::TextureUsage::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
         });
-        let win_depth_view = tgt_depth_stencil_tex.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
+        let win_depth_view = tgt_depth_tex.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
             label: None,
             format: Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24Plus),
             dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2),
@@ -578,7 +584,7 @@ impl Renderer {
 
         Ok((
             tgt_color_view,
-            tgt_depth_stencil_view,
+            tgt_depth_view,
             tgt_color_pp_view,
             win_depth_view,
         ))
@@ -656,7 +662,7 @@ impl Renderer {
         };
 
         //TODO: (0, levels - 1), ?? from master
-        let mut point_shadow_view = wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
+        let point_shadow_view = wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
             label: None,
             format: Some(wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24Plus),
             dimension: Some(wgpu::TextureViewDimension::Cube),
@@ -723,8 +729,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     pub fn get_shadow_resolution(&self) -> (Vec2<u32>, Vec2<u32>) {
         if let Some(shadow_map) = &self.shadow_map {
             (
-                shadow_map.point_depth_stencil.get_dimensions().xy(),
+                shadow_map.point_depth.get_dimensions().xy(),
-                shadow_map.directed_depth_stencil.get_dimensions().xy(),
+                shadow_map.directed_depth.get_dimensions().xy(),
             )
         } else {
             (Vec2::new(1, 1), Vec2::new(1, 1))
@@ -741,10 +747,10 @@ impl Renderer {
     //     if let Some(shadow_map) = self.shadow_map.as_mut() {
     //         // let point_encoder = &mut shadow_map.point_encoder;
     //         let point_encoder = &mut self.encoder;
-    //         point_encoder.clear_depth(&shadow_map.point_depth_stencil_view, 1.0);
+    //         point_encoder.clear_depth(&shadow_map.point_depth_view, 1.0);
     //         // let directed_encoder = &mut shadow_map.directed_encoder;
     //         let directed_encoder = &mut self.encoder;
-    //         directed_encoder.clear_depth(&shadow_map.directed_depth_stencil_view,
+    //         directed_encoder.clear_depth(&shadow_map.directed_depth_view,
     // 1.0);     }
     // }
 
@@ -802,51 +808,20 @@ impl Renderer {
     //     }
     // }
 
-    /// Perform all queued draw calls for this frame and clean up discarded
+    /// Start recording the frame
-    /// items.
+    /// When the returned `Drawer` is dropped the recorded draw calls will be
-    pub fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), RenderError> {
+    /// submitted to the queue
-        span!(_guard, "flush", "Renderer::flush");
+    /// If there is an intermittent issue with the swap chain then Ok(None) will
-        let frame = match self.swap_chain.get_current_frame() {
+    /// be returned
-            Ok(frame) => frame.output,
+    pub fn start_recording_frame<'a>(
-            // If lost recreate the swap chain
+        &'a mut self,
-            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::Lost) => {
+        globals: &'a GlobalsBindGroup,
-                warn!("{}. Recreating swap chain. A frame will be missed", err);
+    ) -> Result<Option<Drawer<'a>>, RenderError> {
-                return self.on_resize(self.resolution);
+        span!(
-            },
+            _guard,
-            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::Timeout) => {
+            "start_recording_frame",
-                warn!("{}. This will probably be resolved on the next frame", err);
+            "Renderer::start_recording_frame"
-                return Ok(());
+        );
-            },
-            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::Outdated) => {
-                warn!("{}. This will probably be resolved on the next frame", err);
-                return Ok(());
-            },
-            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::OutOfMemory) => return Err(err.into()),
-        };
-        let mut encoder = self
-            .device
-            .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
-                label: Some("A render encoder"),
-            });
-        {
-            let _render_pas = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
-                color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
-                    attachment: &frame.view,
-                    resolve_target: None,
-                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
-                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color {
-                            r: 0.1,
-                            g: 0.7,
-                            b: 0.3,
-                            a: 1.0,
-                        }),
-                        store: true,
-                    },
-                }],
-                depth_stencil_attachment: None,
-            });
-        }
-        self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
 
         self.device.poll(wgpu::Maintain::Poll);
 
@@ -855,7 +830,30 @@ impl Renderer {
             self.recreate_pipelines();
         }
 
-        Ok(())
+        let tex = match self.swap_chain.get_current_frame() {
+            Ok(frame) => frame.output,
+            // If lost recreate the swap chain
+            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::Lost) => {
+                warn!("{}. Recreating swap chain. A frame will be missed", err);
+                return self.on_resize(self.resolution).map(|()| None);
+            },
+            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::Timeout) => {
+                warn!("{}. This will probably be resolved on the next frame", err);
+                return Ok(None);
+            },
+            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::Outdated) => {
+                warn!("{}. This will probably be resolved on the next frame", err);
+                return Ok(None);
+            },
+            Err(err @ wgpu::SwapChainError::OutOfMemory) => return Err(err.into()),
+        };
+        let encoder = self
+            .device
+            .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                label: Some("A render encoder"),
+            });
+
+        Ok(Some(Drawer::new(encoder, self, tex, globals)))
     }
 
     /// Recreate the pipelines
@@ -916,14 +914,10 @@ impl Renderer {
     }
 
     /// Create a new set of constants with the provided values.
-    pub fn create_consts<T: Copy + bytemuck::Pod>(
+    pub fn create_consts<T: Copy + bytemuck::Pod>(&mut self, vals: &[T]) -> Consts<T> {
-        &mut self,
-        vals: &[T],
-        // TODO: don't use result here
-    ) -> Result<Consts<T>, RenderError> {
         let mut consts = Consts::new(&self.device, vals.len());
         consts.update(&self.device, &self.queue, vals, 0);
-        Ok(consts)
+        consts
     }
 
     /// Update a set of constants with the provided values.
@@ -1134,8 +1128,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1193,8 +1187,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1253,8 +1247,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (0, 0) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (0, 0) */),         },
     //     ); */
     // }
 
@@ -1312,8 +1306,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1371,8 +1365,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1414,7 +1408,7 @@ impl Renderer {
 
     //             // Shadow stuff
     //             light_shadows: locals.buf.clone(),
-    //             tgt_depth_stencil: shadow_map.point_depth_stencil_view.clone(),
+    //             tgt_depth: shadow_map.point_depth_view.clone(),
     //         },
     //     );
     // }
@@ -1457,8 +1451,8 @@ impl Renderer {
 
     //             // Shadow stuff
     //             light_shadows: locals.buf.clone(),
-    //             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    //             tgt_depth:
-    // shadow_map.directed_depth_stencil_view.clone(),         },
+    // shadow_map.directed_depth_view.clone(),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1503,8 +1497,8 @@ impl Renderer {
 
     //             // Shadow stuff
     //             light_shadows: locals.buf.clone(),
-    //             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    //             tgt_depth:
-    // shadow_map.directed_depth_stencil_view.clone(),         },
+    // shadow_map.directed_depth_view.clone(),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1560,8 +1554,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     //             noise: (self.noise_tex.srv.clone(),
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             waves: (waves.srv.clone(),
     // waves.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1625,8 +1619,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1657,8 +1651,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // lod.map.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1711,8 +1705,8 @@ impl Renderer {
     // self.noise_tex.sampler.clone()),             alt: (lod.alt.srv.clone(),
     // lod.alt.sampler.clone()),             horizon: (lod.horizon.srv.clone(),
     // lod.horizon.sampler.clone()),             tgt_color:
-    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth_stencil:
+    // self.tgt_color_view.clone(),             tgt_depth:
-    // (self.tgt_depth_stencil_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
+    // (self.tgt_depth_view.clone()/* , (1, 1) */),         },
     //     );
     // }
 
@@ -1836,7 +1830,7 @@ fn create_pipelines(
         fluid::FluidPipeline,
         sprite::SpritePipeline,
         particle::ParticlePipeline,
-        ui::UIPipeline,
+        ui::UiPipeline,
         lod_terrain::LodTerrainPipeline,
         clouds::CloudsPipeline,
         postprocess::PostProcessPipeline,
@@ -2029,7 +2023,7 @@ fn create_pipelines(
     );
 
     // Construct a pipeline for rendering UI elements
-    let ui_pipeline = ui::UIPipeline::new(
+    let ui_pipeline = ui::UiPipeline::new(
         device,
         &create_shader("ui-vert", ShaderKind::Vertex)?,
         &create_shader("ui-frag", ShaderKind::Fragment)?,
@@ -2077,7 +2071,7 @@ fn create_pipelines(
     // let player_shadow_pipeline = create_pipeline(
     //     factory,
     //     figure::pipe::Init {
-    //         tgt_depth_stencil: (gfx::preset::depth::PASS_TEST/*,
+    //         tgt_depth: (gfx::preset::depth::PASS_TEST/*,
     //         Stencil::new(
     //             Comparison::Equal,
     //             0xff,

voxygen/src/render/renderer/bind_group.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use super::{
+    super::{
+        consts::Consts,
+        pipelines::{lod_terrain, ui, GlobalModel, GlobalsBindGroup},
+        texture::Texture,
+    },
+    Renderer,
+};
+
+impl Renderer {
+    pub fn bind_globals(
+        &self,
+        global_model: &GlobalModel,
+        lod_data: &lod_terrain::LodData,
+    ) -> GlobalsBindGroup {
+        let (point_shadow_map, directed_shadow_map) = match &self.shadow_map {
+            Some(shadow_map) => (&shadow_map.point_depth, &shadow_map.directed_depth),
+            None => (&self.noise_tex, &self.noise_tex),
+        };
+
+        self.layouts.global.bind(
+            &self.device,
+            global_model,
+            lod_data,
+            &self.noise_tex,
+            point_shadow_map,
+            directed_shadow_map,
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn ui_bind_locals(&self, locals: &Consts<ui::Locals>) -> ui::LocalsBindGroup {
+        self.layouts.ui.bind_locals(&self.device, locals)
+    }
+
+    pub fn ui_bind_texture(&self, texture: &Texture) -> ui::TextureBindGroup {
+        self.layouts.ui.bind_texture(&self.device, texture)
+    }
+}

voxygen/src/render/renderer/drawer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+use super::{
+    super::{
+        buffer::Buffer,
+        consts::Consts,
+        instances::Instances,
+        model::{DynamicModel, Model},
+        pipelines::{
+            figure, fluid, postprocess, sprite, terrain, ui, GlobalsBindGroup, Light, Shadow,
+        },
+    },
+    Renderer,
+};
+use std::ops::Range;
+use vek::Aabr;
+
+pub struct Drawer<'a> {
+    encoder: Option<wgpu::CommandEncoder>,
+    renderer: &'a mut Renderer,
+    tex: wgpu::SwapChainTexture,
+    globals: &'a GlobalsBindGroup,
+    //pub(super) postprocess_locals: wgpu::BindGroup,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Drawer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(
+        encoder: wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        renderer: &'a mut Renderer,
+        tex: wgpu::SwapChainTexture,
+        globals: &'a GlobalsBindGroup,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            encoder: Some(encoder),
+            renderer,
+            tex,
+            globals,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*pub fn first_pass(&mut self) -> FirstPassDrawer {
+        let render_pass =
+            self.encoder
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                    color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
+                        attachment: &self.renderer.tgt_color_view,
+                        resolve_target: None,
+                        load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
+                        store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                        clear_color: wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT,
+                    }],
+                    depth_stencil_attachment: Some(
+                        wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachmentDescriptor {
+                            attachment: &self.renderer.depth_stencil_texture.view,
+                            depth_load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
+                            depth_store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                            clear_depth: 1.0,
+                            stencil_load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
+                            stencil_store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                            clear_stencil: 0,
+                        },
+                    ),
+                });
+
+        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.globals.bind_group, &[]);
+
+        FirstPassDrawer {
+            render_pass,
+            renderer: &self.renderer,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn second_pass(&mut self) -> SecondPassDrawer {
+        let render_pass =
+            self.encoder
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                    color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
+                        attachment: &self.renderer.tgt_color_pp_view,
+                        resolve_target: None,
+                        load_op: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear,
+                        store_op: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                        clear_color: wgpu::Color::TRANSPARENT,
+                    }],
+                    depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+                });
+
+        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.globals.bind_group, &[]);
+
+        SecondPassDrawer {
+            render_pass,
+            renderer: &self.renderer,
+        }
+    }*/
+
+    pub fn third_pass(&mut self) -> ThirdPassDrawer {
+        let mut render_pass =
+            self.encoder
+                .as_mut()
+                .unwrap()
+                .begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                    color_attachments: &[wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachmentDescriptor {
+                        attachment: &self.tex.view,
+                        resolve_target: None,
+                        ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                            load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(wgpu::Color {
+                                r: 1.0,
+                                g: 0.25,
+                                b: 0.5,
+                                a: 0.5,
+                            }),
+                            store: true,
+                        },
+                    }],
+                    // TODO: do we need this?
+                    depth_stencil_attachment: Some(
+                        wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachmentDescriptor {
+                            attachment: &self.renderer.win_depth_view,
+                            depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                                load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(1.0),
+                                store: true,
+                            }),
+                            stencil_ops: None,
+                        },
+                    ),
+                });
+
+        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.globals.bind_group, &[]);
+
+        ThirdPassDrawer {
+            render_pass,
+            renderer: &self.renderer,
+            //postprocess_locals: &self.postprocess_locals,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Drop for Drawer<'a> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.renderer
+            .queue
+            .submit(std::iter::once(self.encoder.take().unwrap().finish()));
+    }
+}
+
+/*pub struct FirstPassDrawer<'a> {
+    pub(super) render_pass: wgpu::RenderPass<'a>,
+    pub renderer: &'a Renderer,
+}
+
+impl<'a> FirstPassDrawer<'a> {
+    pub fn draw_skybox<'b: 'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        model: &'b Model,
+        globals: &'b Consts<Globals>,
+        verts: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.skybox_pipeline.pipeline);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &globals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, &model.vbuf, 0, 0);
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..1);
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_figure<'b: 'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        model: &'b Model,
+        locals: &'b Consts<figure::Locals>,
+        bones: &'b Consts<figure::BoneData>,
+        globals: &'b Consts<Globals>,
+        lights: &'b Consts<Light>,
+        shadows: &'b Consts<Shadow>,
+        verts: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.figure_pipeline.pipeline);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &globals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &lights.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(2, &shadows.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(3, &locals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(4, &bones.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, &model.vbuf, 0, 0);
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..1);
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_terrain<'b: 'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        model: &'b Model,
+        locals: &'b Consts<terrain::Locals>,
+        globals: &'b Consts<Globals>,
+        lights: &'b Consts<Light>,
+        shadows: &'b Consts<Shadow>,
+        verts: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.terrain_pipeline.pipeline);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &globals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &lights.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(2, &shadows.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(3, &locals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, &model.vbuf, 0, 0);
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_fluid<'b: 'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        model: &'b Model,
+        locals: &'b Consts<terrain::Locals>,
+        waves: &'b Consts<fluid::Locals>,
+        globals: &'b Consts<Globals>,
+        lights: &'b Consts<Light>,
+        shadows: &'b Consts<Shadow>,
+        verts: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.fluid_pipeline.pipeline);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &globals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &lights.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(2, &shadows.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(3, &locals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(4, &waves.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, &model.vbuf, 0, 0);
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..1);
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_sprite<'b: 'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        model: &'b Model,
+        instances: &'a Instances<sprite::Instance>,
+        globals: &'b Consts<Globals>,
+        lights: &'b Consts<Light>,
+        shadows: &'b Consts<Shadow>,
+        verts: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.sprite_pipeline.pipeline);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &globals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &lights.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(2, &shadows.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, &model.vbuf, 0, 0);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(1, &instances.ibuf, 0, 0);
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..instances.count() as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct SecondPassDrawer<'a> {
+    pub(super) render_pass: wgpu::RenderPass<'a>,
+    pub renderer: &'a Renderer,
+}
+
+impl<'a> SecondPassDrawer<'a> {
+    pub fn draw_post_process<'b: 'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        model: &'b Model,
+        globals: &'b Consts<Globals>,
+        verts: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.postprocess_pipeline.pipeline);
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &globals.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_bind_group(1, self.postprocess_locals, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, &model.vbuf, 0, 0);
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..1);
+    }
+}*/
+
+pub struct ThirdPassDrawer<'a> {
+    render_pass: wgpu::RenderPass<'a>,
+    renderer: &'a Renderer,
+    //postprocess_locals: &'a wgpu::BindGroup,
+}
+
+impl<'a> ThirdPassDrawer<'a> {
+    pub fn draw_post_process<'b: 'a>(
+        &mut self,
+        model: &'b Model<postprocess::Vertex>,
+        verts: Range<u32>,
+    ) {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.postprocess_pipeline.pipeline);
+        //self.render_pass
+        //    .set_bind_group(1, self.postprocess_locals, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, model.buf().slice(..));
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..1);
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw_ui<'c>(&'c mut self) -> UiDrawer<'c, 'a> {
+        self.render_pass
+            .set_pipeline(&self.renderer.ui_pipeline.pipeline);
+
+        UiDrawer {
+            render_pass: &mut self.render_pass,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct UiDrawer<'pass_ref, 'pass: 'pass_ref> {
+    render_pass: &'pass_ref mut wgpu::RenderPass<'pass>,
+}
+
+pub struct PreparedUiDrawer<'pass_ref, 'pass: 'pass_ref> {
+    render_pass: &'pass_ref mut wgpu::RenderPass<'pass>,
+}
+
+impl<'pass_ref, 'pass: 'pass_ref> UiDrawer<'pass_ref, 'pass> {
+    /// Set vertex buffer, initial scissor, and locals
+    /// These can be changed later but this ensures that they don't have to be
+    /// set with every draw call
+    pub fn prepare<'data: 'pass>(
+        &mut self,
+        locals: &'data ui::LocalsBindGroup,
+        //texture: &'b ui::TextureBindGroup,
+        buf: &'data DynamicModel<ui::Vertex>,
+        scissor: Aabr<u16>,
+    ) -> PreparedUiDrawer<'_, 'pass> {
+        // Note: not actually prepared yet
+        // we do this to avoid having to write extra code for the set functions
+        let mut prepared = PreparedUiDrawer {
+            render_pass: self.render_pass,
+        };
+        // Prepare
+        prepared.set_locals(locals);
+        //prepared.set_texture(texture);
+        prepared.set_model(buf);
+        prepared.set_scissor(scissor);
+
+        prepared
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'pass_ref, 'pass: 'pass_ref> PreparedUiDrawer<'pass_ref, 'pass> {
+    pub fn set_locals<'data: 'pass>(&mut self, locals: &'data ui::LocalsBindGroup) {
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &locals.bind_group, &[]);
+    }
+
+    //pub fn set_texture<'b: 'a>(&mut self, texture: &'b ui::TextureBindGroup) {
+    //    self.render_pass.set_bind_group(1, &texture.bind_group, &[]);
+    //}
+
+    pub fn set_model<'data: 'pass>(&mut self, model: &'data DynamicModel<ui::Vertex>) {
+        self.render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, model.buf().slice(..))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_scissor<'data: 'pass>(&mut self, scissor: Aabr<u16>) {
+        let Aabr { min, max } = scissor;
+        //self.render_pass.set_scissor_rect(
+        //    min.x as u32,
+        //    min.y as u32,
+        //    (max.x - min.x) as u32,
+        //    (max.y - min.y) as u32,
+        //);
+    }
+
+    pub fn draw<'data: 'pass>(&mut self, texture: &'data ui::TextureBindGroup, verts: Range<u32>) {
+        self.render_pass.set_bind_group(2, &texture.bind_group, &[]);
+        self.render_pass.draw(verts, 0..1);
+    }
+}

voxygen/src/render/texture.rs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ impl Texture {
         data: &[u8],
     ) {
         // Note: we only accept 4 bytes per pixel
-        // (enforce this is API?)
+        // (enforce this in API?)
         debug_assert_eq!(data.len(), size[0] as usize * size[1] as usize * 4);
         // TODO: Only works for 2D images
         queue.write_texture(

voxygen/src/run.rs

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ fn handle_main_events_cleared(
         last.render(renderer, &global_state.settings);
         // Finish the frame.
         // TODO: do this as part of dropping rendering thing
-        global_state.window.renderer_mut().flush().unwrap();
+        //global_state.window.renderer_mut().flush().unwrap();
         // // Display the frame on the window.
         // global_state
         //     .window

voxygen/src/scene/figure/mod.rs

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ use crate::{
     ecs::comp::Interpolated,
     render::{
         pipelines, ColLightInfo, Consts, FigureBoneData, FigureLocals, FigureModel, GlobalModel,
-        Mesh, RenderError, Renderer, SubModel, TerrainVertex, Texture,
+        LodData, Mesh, RenderError, Renderer, SubModel, TerrainVertex, Texture,
     },
     scene::{
         camera::{Camera, CameraMode, Dependents},
         math,
         terrain::Terrain,
-        LodData, SceneData,
+        SceneData,
     },
 };
 use anim::{
@@ -5352,8 +5352,8 @@ impl<S: Skeleton> FigureState<S> {
         let bone_consts = figure_bone_data_from_anim(&buf);
         Self {
             meta: FigureStateMeta {
-                bone_consts: renderer.create_consts(bone_consts).unwrap(),
+                bone_consts: renderer.create_consts(bone_consts),
-                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[FigureLocals::default()]).unwrap(),
+                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[FigureLocals::default()]),
                 lantern_offset,
                 state_time: 0.0,
                 last_ori: Ori::default().into(),

voxygen/src/scene/mod.rs

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ use crate::{
     audio::{ambient::AmbientMgr, music::MusicMgr, sfx::SfxMgr, AudioFrontend},
     render::{
         create_clouds_mesh, create_pp_mesh, create_skybox_mesh, CloudsLocals, CloudsVertex, Consts,
-        GlobalModel, Globals, Light, LodData, Model, PostProcessLocals, PostProcessVertex,
+        GlobalModel, Globals, Light, Model, PostProcessLocals, PostProcessVertex, Renderer, Shadow,
-        Renderer, Shadow, ShadowLocals, SkyboxVertex,
+        ShadowLocals, SkyboxVertex,
     },
     settings::Settings,
     window::{AnalogGameInput, Event},
@@ -277,16 +277,11 @@ impl Scene {
 
         Self {
             data: GlobalModel {
-                globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()]).unwrap(),
+                globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()]),
-                lights: renderer
+                lights: renderer.create_consts(&[Light::default(); MAX_LIGHT_COUNT]),
-                    .create_consts(&[Light::default(); MAX_LIGHT_COUNT])
+                shadows: renderer.create_consts(&[Shadow::default(); MAX_SHADOW_COUNT]),
-                    .unwrap(),
-                shadows: renderer
-                    .create_consts(&[Shadow::default(); MAX_SHADOW_COUNT])
-                    .unwrap(),
                 shadow_mats: renderer
-                    .create_consts(&[ShadowLocals::default(); MAX_LIGHT_COUNT * 6 + 6])
+                    .create_consts(&[ShadowLocals::default(); MAX_LIGHT_COUNT * 6 + 6]),
-                    .unwrap(),
             },
             camera: Camera::new(resolution.x / resolution.y, CameraMode::ThirdPerson),
             camera_input_state: Vec2::zero(),
@@ -297,13 +292,11 @@ impl Scene {
             },
             clouds: Clouds {
                 model: renderer.create_model(&create_clouds_mesh()).unwrap(),
-                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[CloudsLocals::default()]).unwrap(),
+                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[CloudsLocals::default()]),
             },
             postprocess: PostProcess {
                 model: renderer.create_model(&create_pp_mesh()).unwrap(),
-                locals: renderer
+                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[PostProcessLocals::default()]),
-                    .create_consts(&[PostProcessLocals::default()])
-                    .unwrap(),
             },
             terrain: Terrain::new(renderer, sprite_render_context),
             lod: Lod::new(renderer, client, settings),

voxygen/src/scene/simple.rs

@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@ use crate::{
     mesh::{greedy::GreedyMesh, segment::generate_mesh_base_vol_terrain},
     render::{
         create_clouds_mesh, create_pp_mesh, create_skybox_mesh, BoneMeshes, CloudsLocals,
-        CloudsVertex, Consts, FigureModel, GlobalModel, Globals, Light, Mesh, Model,
+        CloudsVertex, Consts, FigureModel, GlobalModel, Globals, Light, LodData, Mesh, Model,
         PostProcessLocals, PostProcessVertex, Renderer, Shadow, ShadowLocals, SkyboxVertex,
         TerrainVertex,
     },
     scene::{
         camera::{self, Camera, CameraMode},
         figure::{load_mesh, FigureColLights, FigureModelCache, FigureModelEntry, FigureState},
-        LodData,
     },
     window::{Event, PressState},
 };
@@ -110,10 +109,6 @@ impl Scene {
             client.world_data().min_chunk_alt(),
             client.world_data().max_chunk_alt(),
         );
-        let map_border = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0];
-        let map_image = [0];
-        let alt_image = [0];
-        let horizon_image = [0x_00_01_00_01];
 
         let mut camera = Camera::new(resolution.x / resolution.y, CameraMode::ThirdPerson);
         camera.set_focus_pos(Vec3::unit_z() * 1.5);
@@ -124,12 +119,10 @@ impl Scene {
 
         Self {
             data: GlobalModel {
-                globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()]).unwrap(),
+                globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()]),
-                lights: renderer.create_consts(&[Light::default(); 32]).unwrap(),
+                lights: renderer.create_consts(&[Light::default(); 32]),
-                shadows: renderer.create_consts(&[Shadow::default(); 32]).unwrap(),
+                shadows: renderer.create_consts(&[Shadow::default(); 32]),
-                shadow_mats: renderer
+                shadow_mats: renderer.create_consts(&[ShadowLocals::default(); 6]),
-                    .create_consts(&[ShadowLocals::default(); 6])
-                    .unwrap(),
             },
 
             skybox: Skybox {
@@ -137,23 +130,13 @@ impl Scene {
             },
             clouds: Clouds {
                 model: renderer.create_model(&create_clouds_mesh()).unwrap(),
-                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[CloudsLocals::default()]).unwrap(),
+                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[CloudsLocals::default()]),
             },
             postprocess: PostProcess {
                 model: renderer.create_model(&create_pp_mesh()).unwrap(),
-                locals: renderer
+                locals: renderer.create_consts(&[PostProcessLocals::default()]),
-                    .create_consts(&[PostProcessLocals::default()])
-                    .unwrap(),
             },
-            lod: LodData::new(
+            lod: LodData::dummy(renderer),
-                renderer,
-                Vec2::new(1, 1),
-                &map_image,
-                &alt_image,
-                &horizon_image,
-                1,
-                //map_border.into(),
-            ),
             map_bounds,
 
             figure_model_cache: FigureModelCache::new(),

voxygen/src/scene/terrain.rs

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ use crate::{
         terrain::{generate_mesh, SUNLIGHT},
     },
     render::{
-        pipelines, ColLightInfo, Consts, FluidVertex, GlobalModel, Instances, Mesh, Model,
+        pipelines, ColLightInfo, Consts, FluidVertex, GlobalModel, Instances, LodData, Mesh, Model,
         RenderError, Renderer, SpriteInstance, SpriteLocals, SpriteVertex, TerrainLocals,
         TerrainVertex, Texture,
     },
 };
 
-use super::{math, LodData, SceneData};
+use super::{math, SceneData};
 use common::{
     assets::{self, AssetExt, DotVoxAsset},
     figure::Segment,
@@ -517,9 +517,7 @@ impl SpriteRenderContext {
                                      offset,
                                  }| {
                                     SpriteData {
-                                        locals: renderer
+                                        locals: renderer.create_consts(&locals_buffer),
-                                            .create_consts(&locals)
-                                            .expect("Failed to upload sprite locals to the GPU!"),
                                         model: renderer.create_model(&model).expect(
                                             "Failed to upload sprite model data to the GPU!",
                                         ),
@@ -1161,8 +1159,7 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
                             light_map: mesh.light_map,
                             glow_map: mesh.glow_map,
                             sprite_instances,
-                            locals: renderer
+                            locals: renderer.create_consts(&[TerrainLocals {
-                                .create_consts(&[TerrainLocals {
                                 model_offs: Vec3::from(
                                     response.pos.map2(VolGrid2d::<V>::chunk_size(), |e, sz| {
                                         e as f32 * sz as f32
@@ -1177,8 +1174,7 @@ impl<V: RectRasterableVol> Terrain<V> {
                                 )
                                 .into_array(),
                                 load_time,
-                                }])
+                            }]),
-                                .expect("Failed to upload chunk locals to the GPU!"),
                             visible: Visibility {
                                 in_range: false,
                                 in_frustum: false,

voxygen/src/ui/graphic/mod.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ mod renderer;
 
 pub use renderer::{SampleStrat, Transform};
 
-use crate::render::{Renderer, Texture};
+use crate::render::{Renderer, Texture, UiTextureBindGroup};
 use common::figure::Segment;
 use guillotiere::{size2, SimpleAtlasAllocator};
 use hashbrown::{hash_map::Entry, HashMap};
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub struct GraphicCache {
 
     // Atlases with the index of their texture in the textures vec
     atlases: Vec<(SimpleAtlasAllocator, usize)>,
-    textures: Vec<Texture>,
+    textures: Vec<(Texture, UiTextureBindGroup)>,
     // Stores the location of graphics rendered at a particular resolution and cached on the cpu
     cache_map: HashMap<Parameters, CachedDetails>,
 }
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl GraphicCache {
     pub fn get_graphic(&self, id: Id) -> Option<&Graphic> { self.graphic_map.get(&id) }
 
     /// Used to acquire textures for rendering
-    pub fn get_tex(&self, id: TexId) -> &Texture {
+    pub fn get_tex(&self, id: TexId) -> &(Texture, UiTextureBindGroup) {
         self.textures.get(id.0).expect("Invalid TexId used")
     }
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ impl GraphicCache {
                     // color.
                     assert!(border.is_none());
                     // Transfer to the gpu
-                    upload_image(renderer, aabr, &textures[idx], &image);
+                    upload_image(renderer, aabr, &textures[idx].0, &image);
                 }
 
                 return Some((transformed_aabr(aabr.map(|e| e as f64)), TexId(idx)));
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ impl GraphicCache {
                         valid: true,
                         aabr,
                     });
-                    upload_image(renderer, aabr, &textures[texture_idx], &image);
+                    upload_image(renderer, aabr, &textures[texture_idx].0, &image);
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ impl GraphicCache {
                     let atlas_idx = atlases.len();
                     textures.push(texture);
                     atlases.push((atlas, tex_idx));
-                    upload_image(renderer, aabr, &textures[tex_idx], &image);
+                    upload_image(renderer, aabr, &textures[tex_idx].0, &image);
                     CachedDetails::Atlas {
                         atlas_idx,
                         valid: true,
@@ -354,7 +354,11 @@ impl GraphicCache {
             }
         } else {
             // Create a texture just for this
-            let texture = renderer.create_dynamic_texture(dims.map(|e| e as u32));
+            let texture = {
+                let tex = renderer.create_dynamic_texture(dims.map(|e| e as u32));
+                let bind = renderer.ui_bind_texture(&tex);
+                (tex, bind)
+            };
             // NOTE: All mutations happen only after the texture creation succeeds!
             let index = textures.len();
             textures.push(texture);
@@ -365,7 +369,7 @@ impl GraphicCache {
                     // Note texture should always match the cached dimensions
                     max: dims,
                 },
-                &textures[index],
+                &textures[index].0,
                 &image,
             );
             CachedDetails::Texture { index, valid: true }
@@ -419,11 +423,18 @@ fn atlas_size(renderer: &Renderer) -> Vec2<u32> {
     })
 }
 
-fn create_atlas_texture(renderer: &mut Renderer) -> (SimpleAtlasAllocator, Texture) {
+fn create_atlas_texture(
+    renderer: &mut Renderer,
+) -> (SimpleAtlasAllocator, (Texture, UiTextureBindGroup)) {
     let size = atlas_size(renderer);
     // Note: here we assume the atlas size is under i32::MAX
     let atlas = SimpleAtlasAllocator::new(size2(size.x as i32, size.y as i32));
-    let texture = renderer.create_dynamic_texture(size);
+    let texture = {
+        let tex = renderer.create_dynamic_texture(size);
+        let bind = renderer.ui_bind_texture(&tex);
+        (tex, bind)
+    };
+
     (atlas, texture)
 }
 
@@ -449,8 +460,12 @@ fn upload_image(renderer: &mut Renderer, aabr: Aabr<u16>, tex: &Texture, image:
     );
 }
 
-fn create_image(renderer: &mut Renderer, image: RgbaImage, border_color: Rgba<f32>) -> Texture {
+fn create_image(
-    renderer
+    renderer: &mut Renderer,
+    image: RgbaImage,
+    border_color: Rgba<f32>,
+) -> (Texture, UiTextureBindGroup) {
+    let tex = renderer
         .create_texture(
             &DynamicImage::ImageRgba8(image),
             None,
@@ -458,5 +473,8 @@ fn create_image(renderer: &mut Renderer, image: RgbaImage, border_color: Rgba<f3
             // Some(border_color.into_array().into()),
             Some(wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToBorder),
         )
-        .expect("create_texture only panics is non ImageRbga8 is passed")
+        .expect("create_texture only panics is non ImageRbga8 is passed");
+    let bind = renderer.ui_bind_texture(&tex);
+
+    (tex, bind)
 }

voxygen/src/ui/ice/cache.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::graphic::{Graphic, GraphicCache, Id as GraphicId};
 use crate::{
-    render::{Renderer, Texture},
+    render::{Renderer, Texture, UiTextureBindGroup},
     Error,
 };
 use common::assets::{self, AssetExt};
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub struct FontId(pub(super) glyph_brush::FontId);
 
 pub struct Cache {
     glyph_brush: RefCell<GlyphBrush>,
-    glyph_cache_tex: Texture,
+    glyph_cache_tex: (Texture, UiTextureBindGroup),
     graphic_cache: GraphicCache,
 }
 
@@ -66,16 +66,22 @@ impl Cache {
             .draw_cache_position_tolerance(POSITION_TOLERANCE)
             .build();
 
+        let glyph_cache_tex = {
+            let tex = renderer.create_dynamic_texture(glyph_cache_dims);
+            let bind = renderer.ui_bind_texture(&tex);
+            (tex, bind)
+        };
+
         Ok(Self {
             glyph_brush: RefCell::new(glyph_brush),
-            glyph_cache_tex: renderer.create_dynamic_texture(glyph_cache_dims),
+            glyph_cache_tex,
             graphic_cache: GraphicCache::new(renderer),
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn glyph_cache_tex(&self) -> &Texture { &self.glyph_cache_tex }
+    pub fn glyph_cache_tex(&self) -> &(Texture, UiTextureBindGroup) { &self.glyph_cache_tex }
 
-    pub fn glyph_cache_mut_and_tex(&mut self) -> (&mut GlyphBrush, &Texture) {
+    pub fn glyph_cache_mut_and_tex(&mut self) -> (&mut GlyphBrush, &(Texture, UiTextureBindGroup)) {
         (self.glyph_brush.get_mut(), &self.glyph_cache_tex)
     }
 
@@ -117,6 +123,7 @@ impl Cache {
         self.graphic_cache.replace_graphic(id, graphic)
     }
 
+    // TODO: combine resize functions
     // Resizes and clears the GraphicCache
     pub fn resize_graphic_cache(&mut self, renderer: &mut Renderer) {
         self.graphic_cache.clear_cache(renderer);
@@ -134,7 +141,12 @@ impl Cache {
             .initial_cache_size((cache_dims.x, cache_dims.y))
             .build();
 
-        self.glyph_cache_tex = renderer.create_dynamic_texture(cache_dims);
+        self.glyph_cache_tex = {
+            let tex = renderer.create_dynamic_texture(cache_dims);
+            let bind = renderer.ui_bind_texture(&tex);
+            (tex, bind)
+        };
+
         Ok(())
     }
 }

voxygen/src/ui/ice/mod.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,11 @@ use super::{
     graphic::{self, Graphic},
     scale::{Scale, ScaleMode},
 };
-use crate::{render::Renderer, window::Window, Error};
+use crate::{
+    render::{Renderer, UiDrawer},
+    window::Window,
+    Error,
+};
 use common_base::span;
 use iced::{mouse, Cache, Size, UserInterface};
 use iced_winit::Clipboard;
@@ -212,5 +216,5 @@ impl IcedUi {
         (messages, mouse_interaction)
     }
 
-    pub fn render(&self, renderer: &mut Renderer) { self.renderer.render(renderer, None); }
+    pub fn render<'a>(&'a self, drawer: &mut UiDrawer<'_, 'a>) { self.renderer.render(drawer); }
 }

voxygen/src/ui/ice/renderer/mod.rs

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ use super::{
 };
 use crate::{
     render::{
-        create_ui_quad, create_ui_quad_vert_gradient, Consts, DynamicModel, Globals, Mesh,
+        create_ui_quad, create_ui_quad_vert_gradient, Consts, DynamicModel, Mesh, Renderer,
-        Renderer, UiLocals, UiMode, UiVertex,
+        UiDrawer, UiLocals, UiLocalsBindGroup, UiMode, UiVertex,
     },
     Error,
 };
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@ pub struct IcedRenderer {
     // Model for drawing the ui
     model: DynamicModel<UiVertex>,
     // Consts to specify positions of ingame elements (e.g. Nametags)
-    ingame_locals: Vec<Consts<UiLocals>>,
+    ingame_locals: Vec<(Consts<UiLocals>, UiLocalsBindGroup)>,
     // Consts for default ui drawing position (ie the interface)
-    interface_locals: Consts<UiLocals>,
+    interface_locals: (Consts<UiLocals>, UiLocalsBindGroup),
-    default_globals: Consts<Globals>,
+    //default_globals: Consts<Globals>,
 
     // Used to delay cache resizing until after current frame is drawn
     //need_cache_resize: bool,
@@ -125,12 +125,18 @@ impl IcedRenderer {
         let (half_res, align, p_scale) =
             Self::calculate_resolution_dependents(physical_resolution, scaled_resolution);
 
+        let interface_locals = {
+            let locals = renderer.create_consts(&[UiLocals::default()]);
+            let bind = renderer.ui_bind_locals(&locals);
+            (locals, bind)
+        };
+
         Ok(Self {
             cache: Cache::new(renderer, default_font)?,
             draw_commands: Vec::new(),
             model: renderer.create_dynamic_model(100),
-            interface_locals: renderer.create_consts(&[UiLocals::default()])?,
+            interface_locals,
-            default_globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()])?,
+            //default_globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()]),
             ingame_locals: Vec::new(),
             mesh: Mesh::new(),
             glyphs: Vec::new(),
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ impl IcedRenderer {
             .push(DrawCommand::plain(self.start..self.mesh.vertices().len()));*/
 
         // Fill in placeholder glyph quads
-        let (glyph_cache, cache_tex) = self.cache.glyph_cache_mut_and_tex();
+        let (glyph_cache, (cache_tex, _)) = self.cache.glyph_cache_mut_and_tex();
         let half_res = self.half_res;
 
         let brush_result = glyph_cache.process_queued(
@@ -542,6 +548,7 @@ impl IcedRenderer {
                     Some((aabr, tex_id)) => {
                         let cache_dims = graphic_cache
                             .get_tex(tex_id)
+                            .0
                             .get_dimensions()
                             .xy()
                             .map(|e| e as f32);
@@ -763,28 +770,32 @@ impl IcedRenderer {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn render(&self, renderer: &mut Renderer, maybe_globals: Option<&Consts<Globals>>) {
+    pub fn render<'pass_ref, 'pass: 'pass_ref, 'data: 'pass>(
+        &'data self,
+        drawer: &mut UiDrawer<'pass_ref, 'pass>, /* maybe_globals: Option<&Consts<Globals>> */
+    ) {
         span!(_guard, "render", "IcedRenderer::render");
-        let mut scissor = self.window_scissor;
+        let mut drawer = drawer.prepare(&self.interface_locals.1, &self.model, self.window_scissor);
-        let globals = maybe_globals.unwrap_or(&self.default_globals);
+        //let mut scissor = self.window_scissor;
-        let mut locals = &self.interface_locals;
+        //let globals = maybe_globals.unwrap_or(&self.default_globals);
+        //let mut locals = &self.interface_locals.1;
         for draw_command in self.draw_commands.iter() {
             match draw_command {
                 DrawCommand::Scissor(new_scissor) => {
-                    scissor = *new_scissor;
+                    drawer.set_scissor(*new_scissor);
                 },
                 DrawCommand::WorldPos(index) => {
-                    locals = index.map_or(&self.interface_locals, |i| &self.ingame_locals[i]);
+                    drawer.set_locals(
+                        index.map_or(&self.interface_locals.1, |i| &self.ingame_locals[i].1),
+                    );
                 },
                 DrawCommand::Draw { kind, verts } => {
+                    // TODO: don't make these assert!(!verts.is_empty());
                     let tex = match kind {
                         DrawKind::Image(tex_id) => self.cache.graphic_cache().get_tex(*tex_id),
                         DrawKind::Plain => self.cache.glyph_cache_tex(),
                     };
-                    let model = self.model.submodel(verts.clone());
+                    drawer.draw(&tex.1, verts.clone()); // Note: trivial clone
-                    // TODO
-                    //renderer.render_ui_element(model, tex, scissor, globals,
-                    // locals);
                 },
             }
         }

voxygen/src/ui/mod.rs

@@ -163,8 +163,8 @@ impl Ui {
             draw_commands: Vec::new(),
             mesh: Mesh::new(),
             model: renderer.create_dynamic_model(100),
-            interface_locals: renderer.create_consts(&[UiLocals::default()])?,
+            interface_locals: renderer.create_consts(&[UiLocals::default()]),
-            default_globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()])?,
+            default_globals: renderer.create_consts(&[Globals::default()]),
             ingame_locals: Vec::new(),
             window_resized: None,
             scale_factor_changed: None,
@@ -812,6 +812,7 @@ impl Ui {
                         Some((aabr, tex_id)) => {
                             let cache_dims = graphic_cache
                                 .get_tex(tex_id)
+                                .0
                                 .get_dimensions()
                                 .xy()
                                 .map(|e| e as f32);
@@ -953,7 +954,7 @@ impl Ui {
                                     )
                                 } else {
                                     self.ingame_locals
-                                        .push(renderer.create_consts(&[world_pos.into()]).unwrap());
+                                        .push(renderer.create_consts(&[world_pos.into()]));
                                 }
                                 self.draw_commands
                                     .push(DrawCommand::WorldPos(Some(ingame_local_index)));
@@ -1019,11 +1020,12 @@ impl Ui {
                     locals = index.map_or(&self.interface_locals, |i| &self.ingame_locals[i]);
                 },
                 DrawCommand::Draw { kind, verts } => {
-                    let tex = match kind {
+                    //let tex = match kind {
-                        DrawKind::Image(tex_id) => self.cache.graphic_cache().get_tex(*tex_id),
+                    //    DrawKind::Image(tex_id) =>
-                        DrawKind::Plain => self.cache.glyph_cache_tex(),
+                    // self.cache.graphic_cache().get_tex(*tex_id),
-                    };
+                    //    DrawKind::Plain => self.cache.glyph_cache_tex(),
-                    let model = self.model.submodel(verts.clone());
+                    //};
+                    //let model = self.model.submodel(verts.clone());
                     // TODO
                     //renderer.render_ui_element(model, tex, scissor, globals,
                     // locals);